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Neurovascular Ageing and Age-Related Diseases
Raj N Kalaria, Yoshiki Hase. Sub-cellular biochemistry, 2019
Topic: Inflammation, microglia and astrocytes
Proper functioning of the brain is dependent on integrity of the cerebral vasculature. During ageing, a number of factors including aortic or arterial stiffness, autonomic dysregulation, neurovascular uncoupling and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage will define the dynamics of brain blood flow and local perfusion. The nature and extent of ageing-related cerebrovascular changes, the degree of involvement of the heart and extracranial vessels and the consequent location of tissue pathology may vary considerably. Atheromatous disease retarding flow is a common vascular insult, which increases exponentially with increasing age. Arteriolosclerosis characterized as a prominent feature of small vessel disease is one of the first changes to occur during the natural history of cerebrovascular pathology. At the capillary level, the cerebral endothelium, which forms the BBB undergoes changes including reduced cytoplasm, fewer mitochondria, loss of tight junctions and thickened basement membranes with collagenosis. Astrocyte end-feet protecting the BBB retract as part of the clasmatodendrotic response whereas pericyte coverage is altered. The consequences of these microvascular changes are lacunar infarcts, cortical and subcortical microinfarcts, microbleeds and diffuse white matter disease, which involves myelin loss and axonal abnormalities. The deeper structures are particularly vulnerable because of the relatively reduced density of the microvascular network formed by perforating and penetrating end arteries. Ultimately, the integrity of both the neurovascular and gliovascular units is compromised such that there is an overall synergistic effect reflecting on ageing associated cerebral perfusion and permeability. More than one protagonist appears to be involved in ageing-related cognitive dysfunction characteristically associated with the neurocognitive disorders.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Kalaria, R. N., & Hase, Y. (2019). Neurovascular Ageing and Age-Related Diseases. Sub-cellular biochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_17
Vancouver
Kalaria RN, Hase Y. Neurovascular Ageing and Age-Related Diseases. Sub-cellular biochemistry. 2019. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_17. PMID: 30888663.
BibTeX
@article{kalaria2019-30888663,
author = {Kalaria, Raj N and Hase, Yoshiki},
title = {{Neurovascular Ageing and Age-Related Diseases}},
journal = {Sub-cellular biochemistry},
year = {2019},
doi = {10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_17},
pmid = {30888663},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_17}
}
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Key findings
- Ultimately, the integrity of both the neurovascular and gliovascular units is compromised such that there is an overall synergistic effect reflecting on ageing associated cerebral perfusion and permeability.
- More than one protagonist appears to be involved in ageing-related cognitive dysfunction characteristically associated with the neurocognitive disorders.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 39/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multi-centre collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 22 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 39 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Sub-cellular biochemistry) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 2 / 5 | 2019 — within 10 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 30888663) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 22 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 22 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 39 out of 100. |
| Total | 39 / 100 | — |
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