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Modifiable Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias Among Adults Aged ≥45 Years - United States, 2019
Omura JD, McGuire LC, Patel R, Baumgart M, Lamb R, Jeffers EM, Olivari BS, Croft JB et al.. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2022-05-20
Topic: Brain imaging, connectivity and assessment
Alzheimer disease,* the most common cause of dementia, affects an estimated 6.5 million persons aged ≥65 years in the United States (1). A growing body of evidence has identified potential modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) (1-3). In 2021, the National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease (National Plan) introduced a new goal to "accelerate action to promote healthy aging and reduce risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias" to help delay onset or slow the progression of ADRD (3). To assess the status of eight potential modifiable risk factors (i.e., high blood pressure, not meeting the aerobic physical activity guideline, obesity, diabetes, depression, current cigarette smoking, hearing loss, and binge drinking), investigators analyzed data from the cognitive decline module that was administered to adults aged ≥45 years in 31 states and the District of Columbia (DC) † in the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Among the risk factors, prevalence was highest for high blood pressure (49.9%) and lowest for binge drinking (10.3%) and varied by selected demographic characteristics. Adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), § an early indicator of possible future ADRD (4), were more likely to report four or more risk factors than were those without SCD (34.3% versus 13.1%). Prevalence of SCD was 11.3% overall and increased from 3.9% among adults with no risk factors to 25.0% among those with four or more risk factors. Implementing evidence-based strategies to address modifiable risk factors can help achieve the National Plan's new goal to reduce risk for ADRD while promoting health aging. ¶ , *.
Key findings
- Adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), § an early indicator of possible future ADRD (4), were more likely to report four or more risk factors than were those without SCD (34.3% versus 13.1%).
- Prevalence of SCD was 11.3% overall and increased from 3.9% among adults with no risk factors to 25.0% among those with four or more risk factors.
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Study details
- Effect size49.9%; 10.3%; 34.3%
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 16/100
Report — not peer-reviewed. It scored 24 on the same rubric, but non-peer-reviewed sources are capped at 16, so it shows as 16. Scored zero for study design, sample size, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 15 of the 62 points we could judge it on, which is 24 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 2 / 10 | Tier 4 — not a peer-reviewed journal (MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report) |
| Journal's citation record | 0 / 4 | Not a journal article, so the journal's record does not count |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 3 / 10 | Report — not peer-reviewed. Named source is an organisational report, not a journal article. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2022 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 35587456) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 15 / 62 | Scored on 12 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 15 of the 62 points we could judge it on is 24 out of 100. |
| Total | 24 / 100 | Capped to 16 because this is not a peer-reviewed article. |
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APA 7th
Omura, J. D., McGuire, L. C., Patel, R., Baumgart, M., Lamb, R., Jeffers, E. M., et al. (2022). Modifiable Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias Among Adults Aged ≥45 Years - United States, 2019. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7120a2
Vancouver
Omura JD, McGuire LC, Patel R, Baumgart M, Lamb R, Jeffers EM, et al. Modifiable Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias Among Adults Aged ≥45 Years - United States, 2019. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2022. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7120a2. PMID: 35587456.
BibTeX
@article{omura2022-35587456,
author = {Omura, J. D. and McGuire, L. C. and Patel, R. and Baumgart, M. and Lamb, R. and Jeffers, E. M. and Olivari, B. S. and Croft, J. B. and others},
title = {{Modifiable Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias Among Adults Aged ≥45 Years - United States, 2019}},
journal = {MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.15585/mmwr.mm7120a2},
pmid = {35587456},
url = {https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7120a2}
}