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Mapping cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers to dementia risk through Mendelian randomization
Xiaomin Zhu, Wei Chen, Guifeng Zhuo, Chengqing Yang, Yulan Fu, Yingrui Huang, Ying Zhang, Haosen Liao et al.. Medicine, 2025-09-26
Topic: Plasma and spinal-fluid biomarkers
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers can directly reflect physiological and pathological changes within the central nervous system, serving as a critical element in the preliminary diagnosis and disease monitoring of central nervous system disorders. Specific CSF biomarker patterns may be associated with different types of dementia. The goal of this analysis is to scrutinize the causal correlation between 338 CSF biomarkers and the danger of 4 dementia categories, namely Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies, using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Forward and reverse MR were employed to examine this causal relationship. Inverse variance weighting was used as the primary statistical method, with weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode methods as supplementary approaches. Concurrently, scrutiny of horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and sensitivity was undertaken to substantiate the inferences made from the MR study. We identified 9 positive and 12 negative causal relationships between genetic predisposition to CSF biomarkers and dementia. Notably, a bidirectional causal relationship was found between 3-methoxytyrosine levels and Alzheimer disease. The findings of this MR study support a causal association between CSF biomarkers and the risk of 4 distinct types of dementia.
Key findings
- Specific CSF biomarker patterns may be associated with different types of dementia.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 43/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multi-centre collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 24 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 43 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Medicine) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 41029146) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 24 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 24 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 43 out of 100. |
| Total | 43 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Zhu, X., Chen, W., Zhuo, G., Yang, C., Fu, Y., Huang, Y., et al. (2025). Mapping cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers to dementia risk through Mendelian randomization. Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000044658
Vancouver
Zhu X, Chen W, Zhuo G, Yang C, Fu Y, Huang Y, et al. Mapping cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers to dementia risk through Mendelian randomization. Medicine. 2025. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000044658. PMID: 41029146.
BibTeX
@article{zhu2025-41029146,
author = {Zhu, Xiaomin and Chen, Wei and Zhuo, Guifeng and Yang, Chengqing and Fu, Yulan and Huang, Yingrui and Zhang, Ying and Liao, Haosen and others},
title = {{Mapping cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers to dementia risk through Mendelian randomization}},
journal = {Medicine},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1097/md.0000000000044658},
pmid = {41029146},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000044658}
}
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