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57/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Prevention and risk

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

During an average follow-up period of 14.5 years, a total of 9520 (81.1%) participants had used NSAIDs at any given time, and 2091 participants developed dementia. Use of NSAIDs was associated with lower dementia risk for long-term users (HR [95% CI]: 0.88 [0.84-0.91]), and a small increased risk with short-term use (HR [95% CI]: 1.04 [1.02-1.07]) or intermediate-term use (HR: 1.04 [1.02-1.06]). The cumulative dose of NSAIDs was not associated with decreased dementia risk (HR for ≤ 25th percentile: 1.06 [1.03-1.09], 26-50th percentile: 1.02 [0.99-1.05], 51-75th percentile: 1.03 [0.99-1.06], > 75th percentile: 0.99 [0.96-1.02]). Associations were somewhat stronger for long-term use of NSAIDs without known effects on amyloid-β than for amyloid-lowering NSAIDs (HR [95% CI]: 0.79 [0.74-0.85] versus 0.89 [0.85;0.93]). Long-term NSAID use, but not cumulative dose, was associated with decreased dementia risk. This suggests that prolonged rather than intensive exposure to anti-inflammatory medication may hold potential for dementia prevention.

Key findings

During an average follow-up period of 14.5 years, a total of 9520 (81.1%) participants had used NSAIDs at any given time, and 2091 participants developed dementia.
Use of NSAIDs was associated with lower dementia risk for long-term users (HR [95% CI]: 0.88 [0.84-0.91]), and a small increased risk with short-term use (HR [95% CI]: 1.04 [1.02-1.07]) or intermediate-term use (HR: 1.04 [1.02-1.06]).
The cumulative dose of NSAIDs was not associated with decreased dementia risk (HR for ≤ 25th percentile: 1.06 [1.03-1.09], 26-50th percentile: 1.02 [0.99-1.05], 51-75th percentile: 1.03 [0.99-1.06], > 75th percentile: 0.99 [0.96-1.02]).
Associations were somewhat stronger for long-term use of NSAIDs without known effects on amyloid-β than for amyloid-lowering NSAIDs (HR [95% CI]: 0.79 [0.74-0.85] versus 0.89 [0.85;0.93]).
Long-term NSAID use, but not cumulative dose, was associated with decreased dementia risk.

Why it matters

Long-term NSAID use was associated with a lower risk of dementia, but the total cumulative dose was not linked to lower risk, and short- and intermediate-term use showed a small increased risk. The authors suggest prolonged rather than intensive anti-inflammatory exposure may hold potential for dementia prevention, which still needs testing.

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Study details

Participants11,745
Effect size59.5%; 81.1%; HR: 1.04
Evidence strengthHigh

How this study scored 57/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on senior author's track record, so that was left out: it earned 55 of the 96 points we could judge it on, which is 57 out of 100.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of the American Geriatrics Society)
Journal's citation record	3 / 4	Journal of the American Geriatrics Society: journal h-index 344 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	5 / 5	Rated “high” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	4 / 4	11,745 participants
Effect reported	3 / 3	Effect reported with a statistic (interval, p-value, ratio or similar)
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	3 / 7	Cited 20 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	2 / 5	6.7 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025
Impact for its field and year	4 / 6	Cited 12.7× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	2 / 4	Cited 20 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	— / 4	Senior author's record not available — left out of this score
Institution's track record	1 / 3	Erasmus MC: institution h-index 1,321 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	0 / 3	OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete)
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40040336)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Points	55 / 96	Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 55 of the 96 points we could judge it on is 57 out of 100.
Total	57 / 100	—

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Read the original

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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

APA 7th

Hofe, I. v., Stricker, B. H. C., Ikram, M. A., Ikram, M. K., Wolters, F. J., & Ikram, M. A. (2025). Long‐Term Exposure to Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Medication in Relation to Dementia Risk. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.19411

Vancouver

Hofe Iv, Stricker BHC, Ikram MA, Ikram MK, Wolters FJ, Ikram MA. Long‐Term Exposure to Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Medication in Relation to Dementia Risk. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2025. doi:10.1111/jgs.19411. PMID: 40040336.

BibTeX

@article{hofe2025-40040336,
  author  = {Hofe, Ilse vom and Stricker, Bruno H. Ch. and Ikram, Muhammad Aimen and Ikram, M. Kamran and Wolters, Frank J. and Ikram, M. Arfan},
  title   = {{Long‐Term Exposure to Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Medication in Relation to Dementia Risk}},
  journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.1111/jgs.19411},
  pmid    = {40040336},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.19411}
}

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