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Late-stage Parkinson disease
Coelho M, Ferreira JJ.. Nature reviews. Neurology, 2012-07-10
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
The cardinal symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) are asymmetrical bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor and postural instability. However, the presence and spectrum of, and disability caused by, nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are being increasingly recognized. NMS include dementia, psychosis, depression and apathy, and are a major source of disability in later stages of PD, in association with axial symptoms that are resistant to levodopa therapy.
Key findings
- However, the presence and spectrum of, and disability caused by, nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are being increasingly recognized.
- NMS include dementia, psychosis, depression and apathy, and are a major source of disability in later stages of PD, in association with axial symptoms that are resistant to levodopa therapy.
- The model of clinical progression of PD should, therefore, incorporate NMS, instead of being restricted to motor signs and levodopa-induced motor complications.
- Patients with disabling motor complications are classified as having advanced PD, which has been thought to represent the ultimate stage of disease.
Why it matters
This review describes how nonmotor symptoms such as dementia, psychosis, depression and apathy contribute to disability in late-stage Parkinson's disease, alongside axial symptoms resistant to levodopa. It concerns Parkinson's disease and does not address treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 42/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Nature reviews. Neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Nature Reviews Neurology: journal h-index 269 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2012 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 5 / 7 | Cited 252 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 15.8 citations a year over 16 year(s) since 2012 |
| Impact for its field and year | 2 / 6 | Cited 2.6× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 1 / 6 | Cited by 2 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 3 / 4 | Cited 52 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Joaquim José Ferreira: h-index 80 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes: institution h-index 321 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 22777251) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 42 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Coelho, M., & Ferreira, J. J. (2012). Late-stage Parkinson disease. Nature reviews. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2012.126
Vancouver
Coelho M, Ferreira JJ. Late-stage Parkinson disease. Nature reviews. Neurology. 2012. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.126. PMID: 22777251.
BibTeX
@article{coelho2012-22777251,
author = {Coelho, M. and Ferreira, J. J.},
title = {{Late-stage Parkinson disease}},
journal = {Nature reviews. Neurology},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1038/nrneurol.2012.126},
pmid = {22777251},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2012.126}
}
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