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41/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Risk genes beyond APOE

Topic: Disease mechanisms in lab and animal studies

Plain-language summary

Mutations in the genes encoding amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) are known to cause early-onset, autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Studies of plasma and fibroblasts from subjects with these mutations have established that they all alter amyloid beta-protein (beta APP) processing, which normally leads to the secretion of amyloid-beta protein (relative molecular mass 4,000; M(r) 4K; approximately 90% A beta1-40, approximately 10% A beta1-42(43)), so that the extracellular concentration of A beta42(43) is increased. This increase in A beta42(43) is believed to be the critical change that initiates Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis because A beta42(43) is deposited early and selectively in the senile plaques that are observed in the brains of patients with all forms of the disease. To establish that the presenilin mutations increase the amount of A beta42(43) in the brain and to test whether presenilin mutations act as true (gain of function) dominants, we have now constructed mice expressing wild-type and mutant presenilin genes. Analysis of these mice showed that overexpression of mutant, but not wild-type, PS1 selectively increases brain A beta42(43). These results indicate that the presenilin mutations probably cause Alzheimer's disease through a gain of deleterious function that increases the amount of A beta42(43) in the brain.

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APA 7th

Duff, K., Eckman, C., Zehr, C., Yu, X., Prada, C. M., Perez-tur, J., et al. (1996). Increased amyloid-beta42(43) in brains of mice expressing mutant presenilin 1. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/383710a0

Vancouver

Duff K, Eckman C, Zehr C, Yu X, Prada CM, Perez-tur J, et al. Increased amyloid-beta42(43) in brains of mice expressing mutant presenilin 1. Nature. 1996. doi:10.1038/383710a0. PMID: 8878479.

BibTeX

@article{duff1996-8878479,
  author  = {Duff, K. and Eckman, C. and Zehr, C. and Yu, X. and Prada, C. M. and Perez-tur, J. and Hutton, M. and Buee, L. and others},
  title   = {{Increased amyloid-beta42(43) in brains of mice expressing mutant presenilin 1}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year    = {1996},
  doi     = {10.1038/383710a0},
  pmid    = {8878479},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1038/383710a0}
}

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How to read this study

Design: our record does not state a study design, so check the methods section of the original before weighing the result.
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Effect: the record gives no effect size, so the summary above cannot say how large any difference was.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded low. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Low means the abstract matched neither pattern. It is the default label, and it does not mean the work is poor; many sound lab and imaging papers land here. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

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Key findings

Analysis of these mice showed that overexpression of mutant, but not wild-type, PS1 selectively increases brain A beta42(43).
These results indicate that the presenilin mutations probably cause Alzheimer's disease through a gain of deleterious function that increases the amount of A beta42(43) in the brain.

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Study details

Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 41/100

Published in a top-tier journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multicenter collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 24 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 41 out of 100.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	10 / 10	Tier 1 — top-tier general journal (Nature)
Journal's citation record	— / 4	No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	1 / 5	1996 — older than 20 years, still counted
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Laboratory or animal study (title names “mice”) — scores zero
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	— / 7	No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score
Citations per year	— / 5	No citation count or no year — left out of this score
Impact for its field and year	— / 6	No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score
Cited by studies here	— / 6	Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score
Still being cited	— / 4	No yearly citation counts — left out of this score
Senior author's track record	— / 4	Senior author's record not available — left out of this score
Institution's track record	— / 3	No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score
Multicenter collaboration	— / 3	Institutions not listed — left out of this score
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 8878479)
Free to read	0 / 2	Behind a paywall — scores zero
Points	24 / 58	Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 24 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 41 out of 100.
Total	41 / 100	—

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