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Genome-wide association study of occupational attainment as a proxy for cognitive reserve
Hyunwoong Ko, Soyeon Kim, Kiwon Kim, Sang-Hyuk Jung, Injeong Shim, Soojin Cha, Hyewon Lee, Beomsu Kim et al.. Brain : a journal of neurology, 2022-05-24
Topic: Genetics and APOE
Previous genome-wide association studies have identified numerous genetic variants and revealed the genetic architecture of educational attainment, another marker of cognitive reserve. We identified 30 significant loci (P < 5 × 10-8); 12 were novel variants, not associated with other traits. Among them, four lead variants were associated with genes expressed in brain tissues by expression quantitative trait loci mapping from 10 brain regions: rs13002946, rs3741368, rs11654986 and rs1627527. In two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, we demonstrated that high occupation levels were associated with reduced risk for Alzheimer's disease [odds ratio (OR) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.65-0.92 in inverse variance weighted method; OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.57-0.92 in the weighted median method]. Overall, our analyses provide insights into the genetic architecture of occupational attainment and demonstrate that occupational attainment is a potential causal protective factor for Alzheimer's disease as a proxy marker of cognitive reserve.
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APA 7th
Ko, H., Kim, S., Kim, K., Jung, S.-H., Shim, I., Cha, S., et al. (2022). Genome-wide association study of occupational attainment as a proxy for cognitive reserve. Brain : a journal of neurology. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab351
Vancouver
Ko H, Kim S, Kim K, Jung S.-H, Shim I, Cha S, et al. Genome-wide association study of occupational attainment as a proxy for cognitive reserve. Brain : a journal of neurology. 2022. doi:10.1093/brain/awab351. PMID: 34613391.
BibTeX
@article{ko2022-34613391,
author = {Ko, Hyunwoong and Kim, Soyeon and Kim, Kiwon and Jung, Sang-Hyuk and Shim, Injeong and Cha, Soojin and Lee, Hyewon and Kim, Beomsu and others},
title = {{Genome-wide association study of occupational attainment as a proxy for cognitive reserve}},
journal = {Brain : a journal of neurology},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.1093/brain/awab351},
pmid = {34613391},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab351}
}
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Key findings
- Previous genome-wide association studies have identified numerous genetic variants and revealed the genetic architecture of educational attainment, another marker of cognitive reserve.
- We identified 30 significant loci (P < 5 × 10-8); 12 were novel variants, not associated with other traits.
- Among them, four lead variants were associated with genes expressed in brain tissues by expression quantitative trait loci mapping from 10 brain regions: rs13002946, rs3741368, rs11654986 and rs1627527.
- In two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, we demonstrated that high occupation levels were associated with reduced risk for Alzheimer's disease [odds ratio (OR) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.65-0.92 in inverse variance weighted method; OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.57-0.92 in the weighted median method].
- Overall, our analyses provide insights into the genetic architecture of occupational attainment and demonstrate that occupational attainment is a potential causal protective factor for Alzheimer's disease as a proxy marker of cognitive reserve.
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Study details
- Effect size8.5%; OR = 0.73; OR = 0.72
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 50/100
Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multi-centre collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 28 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 50 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Brain : a journal of neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2022 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 3 / 3 | Effect reported with a statistic (interval, p-value, ratio or similar) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 34613391) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 28 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 28 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 50 out of 100. |
| Total | 50 / 100 | — |
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