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Electroacupuncture Improves M2 Microglia Polarization and Glia Anti-inflammation of Hippocampus in Alzheimer's Disease
Xie L, Liu Y, Zhang N, Li C, Sandhu AF, Williams G, Shen Y, Li H et al.. Frontiers in neuroscience, 2021-09-27
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
The MWM results showed that electroacupuncture improves the escape latency time and the swimming distance of AD rats. The number of GFAP and Iba1 cells significantly increased in AD rats, but electroacupuncture decreased the cells. The iNOS-positive cells were significantly increased in AD, and electroacupuncture decreased the positive cells. Electroacupuncture elevated Arg1-positive cells in AD rats. Electroacupuncture decreased the glia pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in AD rats. Furthermore, electroacupuncture inhibited the NF-κB pathway molecule (p65) while raising the Stat6 pathway molecule (Stat6). These results provide evidence that electroacupuncture improves the recognition abilities and memory of AD rats. Electroacupuncture inhibits the activation of glia and polarizes microglia toward the M2 phenotype. Electroacupuncture decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Furthermore, electroacupuncture affects the immune responses through inhibition of NF-κB pathway but activation of Stat6 pathway.
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APA 7th
Xie, L., Liu, Y., Zhang, N., Li, C., Sandhu, A. F., Williams, G., et al. (2021). Electroacupuncture Improves M2 Microglia Polarization and Glia Anti-inflammation of Hippocampus in Alzheimer's Disease. Frontiers in neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.689629
Vancouver
Xie L, Liu Y, Zhang N, Li C, Sandhu AF, Williams G, et al. Electroacupuncture Improves M2 Microglia Polarization and Glia Anti-inflammation of Hippocampus in Alzheimer's Disease. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2021. doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.689629. PMID: 34646113.
BibTeX
@article{xie2021-34646113,
author = {Xie, L. and Liu, Y. and Zhang, N. and Li, C. and Sandhu, A. F. and Williams, G. and Shen, Y. and Li, H. and others},
title = {{Electroacupuncture Improves M2 Microglia Polarization and Glia Anti-inflammation of Hippocampus in Alzheimer's Disease}},
journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.3389/fnins.2021.689629},
pmid = {34646113},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.689629}
}
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Key findings
- The MWM results showed that electroacupuncture improves the escape latency time and the swimming distance of AD rats.
- The number of GFAP and Iba1 cells significantly increased in AD rats, but electroacupuncture decreased the cells.
- The iNOS-positive cells were significantly increased in AD, and electroacupuncture decreased the positive cells.
- Electroacupuncture elevated Arg1-positive cells in AD rats.
- Electroacupuncture decreased the glia pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in AD rats.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 43/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 25 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 43 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Frontiers in neuroscience) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2021 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 34646113) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 25 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 25 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 43 out of 100. |
| Total | 43 / 100 | — |
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