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61/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. Mild cognitive impairment

Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis

Background Behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia (BPSD) belong to the core symptoms of dementia and are also common in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective This study would like to contribute to the understanding of the prognostic role of BPSD in MCI for the progression to dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Data were generated through an ongoing prospective longitudinal study on BPSD. Assessment was performed by means of the Middelheim Frontality Score, Behave-AD, Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), and Geriatric Depression Scale 30-questions (GDS-30). Cox proportional hazard models were used to test the hypothesis that certain BPSD in MCI are predictors of developing AD. Results The study population consisted of 183 MCI patients at baseline. At follow-up, 74 patients were stable and 109 patients progressed to AD. The presence of significant depressive symptoms in MCI as measured by the CSDD (HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.23-3.44; p = 0.011) and the GDS-30 (HR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.10-2.85; p = 0.025) were associated with progression to AD. The severity of depressive symptoms as measured by the GDS-30 was a predictor for progression too (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11; p = 0.020). Furthermore, the severity of agitated behavior, especially verbal agitation and the presence of purposeless activity, was also associated with progression, whereas diurnal rhythm disturbances were associated with no progression to AD. Conclusion Depressive symptoms in MCI appear to be predictors for progression to AD.

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APA 7th

Van der Mussele, S., Fransen, E., Struyfs, H., Luyckx, J., Mariën, P., Saerens, J., et al. (2014). Depression in mild cognitive impairment is associated with progression to Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal study. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-140405

Vancouver

Van der Mussele S, Fransen E, Struyfs H, Luyckx J, Mariën P, Saerens J, et al. Depression in mild cognitive impairment is associated with progression to Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal study. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 2014. doi:10.3233/jad-140405. PMID: 25024328.

BibTeX

@article{vandermussele2014-25024328,
  author  = {Van der Mussele, S. and Fransen, E. and Struyfs, H. and Luyckx, J. and Mariën, P. and Saerens, J. and Somers, N. and Goeman, J. and others},
  title   = {{Depression in mild cognitive impairment is associated with progression to Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal study}},
  journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD},
  year    = {2014},
  doi     = {10.3233/jad-140405},
  pmid    = {25024328},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-140405}
}

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Key findings

Results The study population consisted of 183 MCI patients at baseline.
The presence of significant depressive symptoms in MCI as measured by the CSDD (HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.23-3.44; p = 0.011) and the GDS-30 (HR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.10-2.85; p = 0.025) were associated with progression to AD.
Furthermore, the severity of agitated behavior, especially verbal agitation and the presence of purposeless activity, was also associated with progression, whereas diurnal rhythm disturbances were associated with no progression to AD.

Why it matters

In 183 people with mild cognitive impairment, those with significant depressive symptoms were more likely to progress to Alzheimer's disease. This shows an association between depression and progression but does not show that treating depression changes the risk.

Study details

Study designlongitudinal study
Participants74
Effect sizeHR: 2.06; HR: 1.77; HR: 1.06
Evidence strengthModerate

How this study scored 61/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD)
Journal's citation record	2 / 4	Journal of Alzheimer s Disease: journal h-index 218 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	7 / 12	A longitudinal study following the same people over time
Strength of evidence	3 / 5	Rated “moderate” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	1 / 5	2014 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	1 / 4	74 participants
Effect reported	3 / 3	Effect reported with a statistic (interval, p-value, ratio or similar)
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	5 / 7	Cited 133 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	3 / 5	9.5 citations a year over 14 year(s) since 2014
Impact for its field and year	4 / 6	Cited 9.2× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	2 / 6	Cited by 7 other studies in this library
Still being cited	2 / 4	Cited 22 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	3 / 4	Last-listed author Sebastiaan Engelborghs: h-index 95 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	1 / 3	University of Groningen: institution h-index 1,383 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 6 institution(s) in 2 countries
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 25024328)
Free to read	0 / 2	Behind a paywall — scores zero
Total	61 / 100	—

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