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46/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 46 out of 100. Down syndrome and Alzheimer's

Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models

Plain-language summary

This study assesses whether C-terminal fragments (CTF) of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) are present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and their potential as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Immunoprecipitation and simultaneous assay by Western blotting using multiplex fluorescence imaging with specific antibodies against particular domains served to characterize CTFs of APP in human CSF. We demonstrate that APP-CTFs are detectable in human CSF, being the most abundant a 25-kDa fragment, probably resulting from proteolytic processing by η-secretase. The level of the 25-kDa APP-CTF was evaluated in three independent CSF sample sets of patients and controls. The CSF level of this 25-kDa CTF is higher in subjects with autosomal dominant AD linked to PSEN1 mutations, in demented Down syndrome individuals and in sporadic AD subjects compared to age-matched controls. Our data suggest that APP-CTF could be a potential diagnostic biomarker for AD.

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APA 7th

García-Ayllón, M. S., Lopez-Font, I., Boix, C. P., Fortea, J., Sánchez-Valle, R., Lleó, A., et al. (2017). C-terminal fragments of the amyloid precursor protein in cerebrospinal fluid as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer disease. Scientific reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02841-7

Vancouver

García-Ayllón MS, Lopez-Font I, Boix CP, Fortea J, Sánchez-Valle R, Lleó A, et al. C-terminal fragments of the amyloid precursor protein in cerebrospinal fluid as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer disease. Scientific reports. 2017. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02841-7. PMID: 28559572.

BibTeX

@article{garciaayllon2017-28559572,
  author  = {García-Ayllón, M. S. and Lopez-Font, I. and Boix, C. P. and Fortea, J. and Sánchez-Valle, R. and Lleó, A. and Molinuevo, J. L. and Zetterberg, H. and others},
  title   = {{C-terminal fragments of the amyloid precursor protein in cerebrospinal fluid as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer disease}},
  journal = {Scientific reports},
  year    = {2017},
  doi     = {10.1038/s41598-017-02841-7},
  pmid    = {28559572},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02841-7}
}

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How to read this study

Design: our record does not state a study design, so check the methods section of the original before weighing the result.
Size: the record gives no participant count. Look for one in the original before trusting a pattern.
Effect: the record gives no effect size, so the summary above cannot say how large any difference was.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded low. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Low means the abstract matched neither pattern. It is the default label, and it does not mean the work is poor; many sound lab and imaging papers land here. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

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Key findings

The CSF level of this 25-kDa CTF is higher in subjects with autosomal dominant AD linked to PSEN1 mutations, in demented Down syndrome individuals and in sporadic AD subjects compared to age-matched controls.
Our data suggest that APP-CTF could be a potential diagnostic biomarker for AD.

Why it matters

A fragment of the amyloid precursor protein was found at higher levels in spinal fluid from people with inherited Alzheimer disease, demented Down syndrome individuals, and sporadic Alzheimer disease. The authors suggest it could be a diagnostic biomarker, not a treatment or cure.

Study details

Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 46/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Scientific reports)
Journal's citation record	3 / 4	Scientific Reports: journal h-index 463 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	2 / 5	2017 — within 10 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	4 / 7	Cited 54 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	2 / 5	4.9 citations a year over 11 year(s) since 2017
Impact for its field and year	3 / 6	Cited 3.3× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	1 / 6	Cited by 2 other studies in this library
Still being cited	2 / 4	Cited 20 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	2 / 4	Last-listed author Javier Sáez‐Valero: h-index 33 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	2 / 3	University College London: institution h-index 2,029 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration	3 / 3	OpenAlex lists 10 institution(s) in 3 countries
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 28559572)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	46 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

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