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Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers including tau protein and amyloid-beta 42 for early detection and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Carlos García Hernández, María Fernanda López Reyes, Alejandro Ramírez Castillo, Isabel Mendoza Torres. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 2025-05-01
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
In 1906, Alois Alzheimer first described the neuropathological hallmarks of the disease that now bears his name. More than a century later, early and accurate diagnosis remains a formidable clinical challenge. This research evaluated the diagnostic performance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, specifically total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (p-tau181), and amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42), for early detection and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) across a cohort of 247 participants. The cohort included cognitively normal controls (n = 62), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 78), clinically diagnosed AD patients at varying severity stages (n = 83), and patients with non-AD dementias (n = 24). CSF t-tau and p-tau181 showed progressive elevation from cognitively normal through advanced AD stages, while Aβ42 demonstrated an inverse pattern with progressive decline. The combined biomarker panel achieved 94.3% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity for distinguishing AD from controls, and 87.8% sensitivity with 84.2% specificity for differentiating AD from non-AD dementias. These findings support the clinical implementation of CSF biomarker panels for early AD detection, particularly during the MCI stage when therapeutic interventions may have the greatest potential benefit.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Hernández, C. G., Reyes, M. F. L., Castillo, A. R., & Torres, I. M. (2025). Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers including tau protein and amyloid-beta 42 for early detection and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research. https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2025.v9.i5c.7574
Vancouver
Hernández CG, Reyes MFL, Castillo AR, Torres IM. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers including tau protein and amyloid-beta 42 for early detection and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research. 2025. doi:10.33545/26174693.2025.v9.i5c.7574.
BibTeX
@article{hernandez2025-c96d34e2,
author = {Hernández, Carlos García and Reyes, María Fernanda López and Castillo, Alejandro Ramírez and Torres, Isabel Mendoza},
title = {{Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers including tau protein and amyloid-beta 42 for early detection and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease}},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.33545/26174693.2025.v9.i5c.7574},
url = {https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2025.v9.i5c.7574}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- CSF t-tau and p-tau181 showed progressive elevation from cognitively normal through advanced AD stages, while Aβ42 demonstrated an inverse pattern with progressive decline.
- These findings support the clinical implementation of CSF biomarker panels for early AD detection, particularly during the MCI stage when therapeutic interventions may have the greatest potential benefit.
Why it matters
In 247 participants, a panel of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (t-tau, p-tau181 and Aβ42) distinguished Alzheimer's disease from controls with 94.3% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity, and from non-Alzheimer's dementias with 87.8% sensitivity and 84.2% specificity. The authors support using these biomarker panels for early detection, especially at the mild cognitive impairment stage when treatments may have the greatest potential benefit, but this is a diagnostic study, not a treatment or cure.
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Study details
- Participants62
- Effect size94.3%; 91.7%; 87.8%
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 35/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on senior author's track record and institution's track record, so those were left out: it earned 33 of the 93 points we could judge it on, which is 35 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research) |
| Journal's citation record | 0 / 4 | International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research: journal h-index 10 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 1 / 4 | 62 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 0 / 7 | Cited 0 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.0 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 0 / 6 | Cited 0.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 0 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | OpenAlex's profile for last-listed author Isabel Mendoza Torres holds only 1 work(s), too few to judge a track record — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 0 institution(s) in 0 countries — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 1 / 2 | Not in PubMed, but has a DOI |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 33 / 93 | Scored on 18 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 33 of the 93 points we could judge it on is 35 out of 100. |
| Total | 35 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.33545/26174693.2025.v9.i5c.7574
- Original source →
- Free full text: International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
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