Counseling and support lead to sustained benefits in reducing depressive symptoms in spouse-caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients and should be widely available to provide effective, evidence-based intervention for family caregivers. 1 key finding →
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
65/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 65 out of 100.
·
NeuroImage
·
2004-12-01
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often represents an early form of Alzheimer disease (AD). 2 key findings →
Design: randomized controlled trial
Participants: 28
Evidence: high
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Original source
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65/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 65 out of 100.
·
Age and ageing
·
2004-07-22
Educational support for general practitioners should concentrate on epidemiological knowledge, disclosure of the diagnosis and management of behaviour problems in dementia. 1 key finding →
Design: randomized controlled trial
Evidence: high
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Original source
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65/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 65 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2004-11-01
These findings support the hypothesis that the metabolic syndrome contributes to cognitive impairment in elders, but primarily in those with high level of inflammation. 5 key findings →
Participants: 1,616
Evidence: low
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Original source
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The recent availability of longitudinal data on the possible association of different lifestyles with dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) allow some preliminary conclusions on this topic. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
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Original source
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Classification resulted in 227 persons with prevalent dementia at entry into the study and 480 incident cases during follow-up. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 227
Evidence: moderate
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64/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2004-03-01
Contrary to early case-control studies that suggested smoking protects against Alzheimer disease (AD), recent prospective studies have shown that elderly who smoke may be at increased risk for dementia. 4 key findings →
Design: case-control study
Participants: 17,610
Evidence: moderate
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Original source
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64/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2004-03-01
In cell culture experiments, flupirtine maleate (FLU), a triaminopyridine compound, was able to protect neuronal cells from apoptotic cell death induced by prion protein fragments and beta-amyloid peptides. 4 key findings →
Participants: 13
Evidence: high
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Original source
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64/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100.
·
Age and ageing
·
2004-09-01
This review shows that occupational therapy interventions for community dwelling elderly people results in positive outcomes. 2 key findings →
Design: systematic review
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Although the effect of major depressive disorder on amygdala volume remains to be conclusively established, inclusion of the amygdala with the hippocampus appears to have decreased the likelihood of detecting volumetric differences in either structure. 4 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
64/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100.
·
Neuropsychologia
·
2004-01-01
Poor memory ability and small hippocampal volume measurements in magnetic resonance images co-occur in neurological patients. 5 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
We investigated the nature of the relationship between depression and vascular diseases by reviewing epidemiological, clinical, neuroimaging and neuropathology studies which have reported on the relationship of depression to coronary artery disease, stroke disease, alterations in blood pressure, vascular dementia, diabetes mellitus and cholesterol levels and by reviewing potential mechanisms by which depression could be associated with vascular diseases. 2 key findings →
Design: systematic review
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Previous studies have suggested an acutely improving effect of insulin on memory function. 5 key findings →
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Diabetes mellitus may be associated with an increased risk of developing AD and may affect cognitive systems differentially. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 151
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
64/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2004-06-01
High homocysteine levels were not associated with AD and were not related to a decrease in memory scores over time. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 679
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2004-11-01
Employing time-dependent proportional hazards modeling, the authors found no significant association between statin use and incident dementia or probable AD. 2 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 312
Evidence: moderate
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Original source
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
Stroke
·
2004-04-29
Stroke increases a subject's risk of dementia as compared with age- and sex-matched controls. 3 key findings →
Design: case-control study
Participants: 212
Evidence: moderate
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Original source
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2004-10-01
Hyperinsulinemia is associated with a higher risk of AD and decline in memory. 4 key findings →
Participants: 683
Evidence: moderate
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Original source
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2004-07-01
In this community-based sample, 3 to 4% of nondemented persons met MCI operational criteria; despite increased risk of progressing to dementia, a substantial proportion also remained stable or reverted to normal during follow-up. 3 key findings →
Participants: 1,248
Evidence: moderate
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Original source
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We conclude that patients with mild cognitive impairment and depression are at more than twice the risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer type as those without depression. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 114
Evidence: moderate
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Original source
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White matter lesions, especially in the periventricular region, increase the risk of dementia in elderly people. 2 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 1,077
Evidence: moderate
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Original source
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63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2004-09-01
Older age is associated with increased HAD in this HIV-1 cohort. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 106
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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This report describes the first human study of a novel amyloid-imaging positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, termed Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB), in 16 patients with diagnosed mild AD and 9 controls. 3 key findings →
Participants: 16
Evidence: low
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Original source
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The First Key Symposium was held in Stockholm, Sweden, 2-5 September 2003. 5 key findings →
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Free full text
62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2004-06-01
Unlike Alzheimer disease, for which the APOE-epsilon4 allele increases the prevalence and the APOE-epsilon2 allele is protective, the authors' analysis shows the APOE-epsilon2 allele, but not the APOE-epsilon4 allele, to be positively associated with sporadic Parkinson disease. 3 key findings →
Design: systematic review
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.