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Research

27,380 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 26–50 of 107 studies published 1993 (page 2 of 5) · 27,380 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Subjects

Authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Institutions

From OpenAlex; 12,859 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Widespread activation of calcium-activated neutral proteinase (calpain) in the brain in Alzheimer disease: a potential molecular basis for neuronal degeneration

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993-04-01

Calcium-activated neutral proteinases (CANPs or calpains) are believed to be key enzymes in intracellular signaling cascades and potential mediators of calcium-induced neuronal degeneration. 4 key findings →

Participants: 22 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Cerebral white matter changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia: alterations of the blood-brain barrier

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Annals of neurology 1993-09-01

The cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia, which is a frequent late manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, is unknown but radiological and pathological studies have implicated alterations in subcortical white matter. 4 key findings →

Participants: 12 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Generation of beta-amyloid in the secretory pathway in neuronal and nonneuronal cells

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993-03-01

The cellular mechanism underlying the generation of beta-amyloid in Alzheimer disease and its relationship to the normal metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein are unknown. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Mitochondrial DNA variants observed in Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease patients

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Genomics 1993-07-01

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) were sought by restriction endonuclease analysis in a cohort of 71 late-onset Caucasian patients. 4 key findings →

Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Temporal lobe regions on magnetic resonance imaging identify patients with early Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Archives of neurology 1993-09-01

The results suggest that the hippocampus and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricles may be useful as antemortem markers of AD in mildly impaired patients. 4 key findings →

Design: case-control study Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Clinical trial of indomethacin in Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Neurology 1993-08-01

In a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 100 to 150 mg/d indomethacin appeared to protect mild to moderately impaired Alzheimer's disease patients from the degree of cognitive decline exhibited by a well-matched, placebo-treated group. 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Effects of medication on parotid salivary flow rates in an individual with dementia of the Alzheimer type

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100. Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry 1993-09-01

Data available on the relationship between salivary function and specific drug therapy are sparse. 3 key findings →

Design: randomized controlled trial Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Sensitivity and specificity for dementia of population-based criteria for cognitive impairment: the MoVIES project

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100. Journal of gerontology 1993-07-01

Our data support the use of population-based cutpoints over standard cutoff scores, in that the global scale at the conventional cutoff was less sensitive than the battery at the same percentile, and because adequate norms do not exist for tests such as those in the battery. 1 key finding →

Participants: 1,367 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

The consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD). Part IV. Rates of cognitive change in the longitudinal assessment of probable Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100. Neurology 1993-12-01

Reliable information on rate of progression of cognitive impairment in probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for evaluating possible beneficial effects of therapeutic agents and in planning long-term care for patients with this chronic illness. 1 key finding →

Participants: 430 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Reducing antipsychotic drug use in nursing homes. A controlled trial of provider education

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 47 out of 100. Archives of internal medicine 1993-03-01

This suggests that for many antipsychotic drug users benefits may be marginal and that programs to reduce such drug use among the 250,000 US nursing home residents receiving these drugs should have high priority. 2 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Giant multilevel cation channels formed by Alzheimer disease amyloid beta-protein [A beta P-(1-40)] in bilayer membranes

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 47 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993-11-01

We have recently shown that the Alzheimer disease 40-residue amyloid beta-protein [A beta P-(1-40)] can form cation-selective channels when incorporated into planar lipid bilayers by fusion of liposomes containing the peptide. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Quantitative synaptic alterations in the human neocortex during normal aging

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 47 out of 100. Neurology 1993-01-01

We quantified the synaptic population density in the frontal cortex of 25 individuals without dementia 16 to 98 years old, using sections double-immunolabeled for beta/A4 amyloid and for synaptophysin, and found a significant inverse correlation between the presynaptic terminal (PT) counts and age (r = -0.7, p < 0.001). 5 key findings →

Participants: 25 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Phosphoprotein phosphatase activities in Alzheimer disease brain

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 46 out of 100. Journal of neurochemistry 1993-09-01

Microtubule-associated protein tau is known to be hyperphosphorylated in Alzheimer disease brain and this abnormal hyperphosphorylation is associated with an inability of tau to promote the assembly of microtubule in the affected neurons. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging in men with dementia of the Alzheimer type: correlations with disease severity

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Biological psychiatry 1993-11-01

Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we measured the volumes of various brain structures and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 19 men with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and 18 healthy age-matched control men. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Identification of the Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein in clathrin-coated vesicles purified from PC12 cells

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. The Journal of biological chemistry 1993-01-01

The Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein (APP) can be proteolytically processed by at least two separate pathways in PC12 cells: chloroquine-insensitive secretory cleavage and chloroquine-sensitive intracellular degradation, presumably in the endosomal/lysosomal system. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin binding to Alzheimer A beta peptides is sequence specific and induces fibril disaggregation in vitro

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Journal of neurochemistry 1993-07-01

The serine protease inhibitor alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) consistently colocalizes with amyloid deposits of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may contribute to the generation of amyloid proteins and/or physically affect fibril assembly. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,380 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (60.6% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,032 records (3.8% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed