The Clinical Dementia Rating Scale-Sum of Boxes was selected as the primary outcome measure, in which post-treatment scores were compared to baseline. 5 key findings →
Design: clinical trial
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Brain networks or 'connectomes' include a minority of highly connected hub nodes that are functionally valuable, because their topological centrality supports integrative processing and adaptive behaviours. 5 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 56
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
To validate our in vivo results, we examined 1610 autopsy cases from an Arizona-based neuropathology cohort on three main vascular pathological features: cerebral amyloid angiopathy; white matter rarefaction; and infarcts. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 677
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
We found that the cognitively unimpaired amyloid-β-negative individuals had significant longitudinal tau accumulation confined to the PET Braak-like stage I (3.9%) and II (2.8%) areas. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 125
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Voxel-wise 18F-MK-6240 analyses revealed that with each decade of A+, the spatial extent of measurable tau spread (i.e. progressed) from regions associated with early to late NFT tau stages. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 537
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
In patients, smaller volumes in a region corresponding to the nucleus basalis of Meynert were associated with greater change in global cognitive, but not motor scores after 2 years. 2 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 168
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
However, these abnormal levels do not appear to be the result of a high rate of accumulation in the short term, but possibly a more moderate rate occurring early with respect to age. 1 key finding →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 447
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
We found that the association between higher baseline tau-PET levels (quantified in a temporal meta-region of interest) and rate of cognitive decline (measured with repeated Mini-Mental State Examination) was adversely modified by older age (Stβinteraction = -0.062, P = 0.032), higher education level (Stβinteraction = -0.072, P = 0.011) and higher intracranial volume (Stβinteraction = -0.07, P = 0.016). 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 200
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Second, patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia have reduced recruitment of the default mode network compared with healthy control subjects when deliberating about these dilemmas. 4 key findings →
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Our main findings were: (i) FDG-PET uptake in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex and anterior temporal pole was associated with baseline global cognition in cognitively stable 80+ (the resilience signature); (ii) established Alzheimer's disease imaging biomarkers did not predict baseline global cognition in this subset of participants; (iii) in the full MCSA 80+ and ADNI cohorts, amyloid burden and FDG-PET in the resilience signature were the stronger predictors of baseline global cognition; (iv) sex and systemic vascular health predicted FDG-PET in the resilience signature, suggesting vascular health maintenance as a potential pathway to preserve the metabolism of these areas; and (v) the resilience signature provided significant information about global longitudinal cognitive change even when considering amyloid status in both the MCSA and ADNI cohorts. 1 key finding →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 192
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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Alzheimer's disease and cerebral small vessel disease are the two leading causes of cognitive decline and dementia and coexist in most memory clinic patients. 3 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 387
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Increasing evidence shows that neuroinflammation is a possible modulator of tau spread effects on cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. 3 key findings →
Participants: 94
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Dementia is one of the most debilitating symptoms of Parkinson's disease. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 44
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
For amyloid positron emission tomography positive (Aβ+) subjects, flortaucipir neocortical standard uptake value ratio was significantly higher with more advanced clinical stage (Alzheimer's disease > mild cognitive impairment > older cognitively normal) and was significantly elevated for Aβ+ mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease subjects relative to the respective Aβ- subjects. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 217
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Recent studies on Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggest that tau proteins spread through the brain following neuronal connections. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 16
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Symptomatic mutation carriers also demonstrated elevated tau PET binding in the basal ganglia, consistent with prior work with amyloid-β. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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Mean squared displacement revealed widespread microstructural differences already between Aβ-negative/tau-negative and Aβ-positive/tau-negative participants with a spatial distribution that closely resembled the pattern of Aβ accumulation. 4 key findings →
Participants: 292
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
As a result, significantly higher 18F-THK5105 retention was observed in the temporal, parietal, posterior cingulate, frontal and mesial temporal cortices of patients with Alzheimer's disease compared with healthy control subjects. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
At a group-wise level, observable rates of short-term serial tau accumulation were only seen in the presence of abnormal amyloid. 5 key findings →
Participants: 126
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
To date, there is no validated fluid biomarker for tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease, with contradictory results from studies evaluating the correlation between phosphorylated tau in CSF with tau PET imaging. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
This study investigated differences in retrospective cognitive trajectories between amyloid and tau PET biomarker stratified groups in initially cognitively unimpaired participants sampled from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
The hippocampal formation (HF) is known from pathological and MRI studies to be severely atrophied in established Alzheimer's disease. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Furthermore, they support the notion that, as shown in experimental tissue and animal models, the propagation of tau in humans is associated with brain inflammation. 1 key finding →
Participants: 23
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Amyloid deposition, tangle formation, neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction are pathological processes involved in Alzheimer's disease. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Diffusion tensor imaging results were related to grey and white matter atrophy volume assessed by voxel-based morphometry and functional magnetic resonance imaging activations during a reading task. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomized / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multicenter collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 32,180 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.