85/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 85 out of 100.
·
Nature Medicine
·
2025-01-13
Understanding the lifetime risk of dementia can inform public health planning and improve patient engagement in prevention. 1 key finding →
Design: cohort
Participants: 15,043
Evidence: high
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82/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 82 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2010-07-01
Evidence suggests that delirium is associated with long-term poor outcome but delirium often occurs in individuals with more severe underlying disease. 5 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 714
Evidence: high
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82/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 82 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2020-07-01
The incidence rate of dementia in Europe and North America has declined by 13% per decade over the past 25 years, consistently across studies. 2 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 49,202
Evidence: moderate
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80/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 80 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2004-06-01
In the estrogen-alone trial, 47 participants were diagnosed with probable dementia, of whom 28 were assigned to CEE and 19 to placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-2.66). 3 key findings →
Participants: 4,532
Evidence: high
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Older people with SMC but no objective complaints are twice as likely to develop dementia as individuals without SMC. 3 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 15,009
Evidence: high
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80/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 80 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2004-06-01
For women aged 65 years or older, hormone therapy had an adverse effect on cognition, which was greater among women with lower cognitive function at initiation of treatment. 1 key finding →
Participants: 1,387
Evidence: high
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Evidence from well-planned, representative epidemiological surveys is scarce in many regions. 5 key findings →
Design: systematic review
Evidence: high
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A nurse-led, multidomain intervention did not result in a reduced incidence of all-cause dementia in an unselected population of older people. 3 key findings →
Design: randomized controlled trial
Participants: 3,526
Evidence: high
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Higher all-cause mortality was observed among apparently healthy older adults who received daily aspirin than among those who received placebo and was attributed primarily to cancer-related death. 3 key findings →
Participants: 19,114
Evidence: low
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78/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 78 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2002-09-01
Dementia and MCI are associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in clinical samples. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 138
Evidence: moderate
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Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a complex disorder characterised by a broad range of clinical manifestations, differential pathological signatures, and genetic variability. 4 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 3,526
Evidence: high
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The most common anticholinergic classes used were tricyclic antidepressants, first-generation antihistamines, and bladder antimuscarinics. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 3,434
Evidence: moderate
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Leisure-time physical activity at midlife at least twice a week was associated with a reduced risk of dementia and AD (odds ratio [OR] 0.48 [95% CI 0.25-0.91] and 0.38 [0.17-0.85], respectively), even after adjustments for age, sex, education, follow-up time, locomotor disorders, APOE genotype, vascular disorders, smoking, and alcohol drinking. 2 key findings →
Participants: 1,449
Evidence: moderate
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Substantial variation in the prevalence of dementia in Parkinson's disease (PDD) has been reported. 2 key findings →
Design: systematic review
Participants: 1,767
Evidence: high
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77/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 77 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2021-09-01
A total of 95 unique studies were included in this systematic review, of which 74 with 2 760 379 unique patients were also included in 5-year age band meta-analyses. 5 key findings →
Design: systematic review
Participants: 95
Evidence: high
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76/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 76 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2005-01-01
The presence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors at midlife substantially increases risk of late-life dementia in a dose dependent manner. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 8,845
Evidence: moderate
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74/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 74 out of 100.
·
JAMA Neurology
·
2021-09
This large meta-analysis pooled dozens of studies to estimate how many people under age 65 are living with dementia worldwide. 4 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 2,760,379
Evidence: moderate
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Original source
After multivariable adjustment, patients showed an odds ratio (OR) 1·61 (95% CI 0·80-3·25) for scale 4 versus scale 3 and 4·60 (1·85-11·48) for scale 5-6 versus scale 3 for diffusion impairment; OR 0·88 (0·66-1·17) for scale 4 versus scale 3 and OR 1·77 (1·05-2·97) for scale 5-6 versus scale 3 for anxiety or depression, and OR 0·74 (0·58-0·96) for scale 4 versus scale 3 and 2·69 (1·46-4·96) for scale 5-6 versus scale 3 for fatigue or muscle weakness. 2 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 94
Evidence: moderate
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74/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 74 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2004-04-01
Of 275 patients, 51 (18.5%) had persistent coma and died in the hospital. 2 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 275
Evidence: moderate
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The long-term use of NSAIDs may protect against Alzheimer's disease but not against vascular dementia. 3 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 6,989
Evidence: moderate
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74/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 74 out of 100.
·
BMC public health
·
2014-06-24
Higher Hcy levels, lower educational attainment, and decreased physical activity were particularly strong predictors of incident AD. 3 key findings →
Design: systematic review
Evidence: high
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74/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 74 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2014-07-16
MCR is common in older adults, and is a strong and early risk factor for cognitive decline. 3 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 26,802
Evidence: moderate
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73/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 73 out of 100.
·
BMJ
·
2025-01-08
The average life expectancy of people with dementia at time of diagnosis ranged from 5.7 years at age 65 to 2.2 at age 85 in men and from 8.0 to 4.5, respectively, in women. 5 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 5,553,960
Evidence: high
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The relation between diabetes and major types of dementia is controversial. 1 key finding →
Design: systematic review
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
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The overall conversion rate from iRBD to an overt neurodegenerative syndrome was 6.3% per year, with 73.5% converting after 12-year follow-up. 5 key findings →
Participants: 1,280
Evidence: moderate
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.