Impaired odor identification, particularly in the anosmic range, is associated with increased mortality in older adults even after controlling for dementia and medical comorbidity. 3 key findings →
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Overall, 156 (12.5%) women reported taking oestrogen after onset of menopause. 2 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 1,124
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
70/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 70 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
1997-10-01
Among Caucasian subjects from clinic- or autopsy-based studies, the risk of AD was significantly increased for people with genotypes epsilon2/epsilon4 (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.6-4.0), epsilon3/epsilon4 (OR=3.2, 95% CI=2.8-3.8), and epsilon4/epsilon4 (OR=14.9, 95% CI= 10.8-20.6); whereas, the ORs were decreased for people with genotypes epsilon2/epsilon2 (OR=0.6, 95% CI=0.2-2.0) and epsilon2/epsilon3 (OR=0.6, 95% CI=0.5-0.8). 2 key findings →
Participants: 5,930
Evidence: low
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70/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 70 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2013-03-01
The association of depression with prevalent MCI and with progression from MCI to dementia, but not with incident MCI, suggests that depression accompanies cognitive impairment but does not precede it. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 2,160
Evidence: moderate
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Diabetes is related to a higher risk of amnestic MCI in a population with a high prevalence of this disorder. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 1,772
Evidence: moderate
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69/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 69 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
1994-04-01
The data suggest that increased educational and occupational attainment may reduce the risk of incident AD, either by decreasing ease of clinical detection of AD or by imparting a reserve that delays the onset of clinical manifestations. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 593
Evidence: moderate
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Original source
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69/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 69 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2002-04-01
Hypertension after age 65 years is not associated with AD and does not adversely affect memory, language, or general cognitive function. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 1,259
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
When proper normative values are used, only age and education, and not race or ethnicity, are associated with higher frequency of MCI. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
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Original source
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APOE shows a heterogeneous effect on ADRD risk in our Hispanics/Latinos sample, the largest to date. 4 key findings →
Design: case-control
Participants: 12,221
Evidence: moderate
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Immunization against amyloid-beta has been suggested as a possible preventive or therapeutic treatment for Alzheimer's disease. 1 key finding →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 365
Evidence: moderate
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OHL was associated with greater risk of incident dementia in a multiethnic cohort. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 1,881
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
64/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2004-06-01
High homocysteine levels were not associated with AD and were not related to a decrease in memory scores over time. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 679
Evidence: moderate
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Original source
MTUS2 encodes a microtubule associated protein implicated in the development and function of the nervous system, making it a plausible candidate to investigate LOAD biology. 4 key findings →
Participants: 14,260
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
63/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2004-10-01
Hyperinsulinemia is associated with a higher risk of AD and decline in memory. 4 key findings →
Participants: 683
Evidence: moderate
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A history of hypertension is related to a higher risk of MCI. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 918
Evidence: moderate
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Impaired memory and language were useful predictors of transition to AD. 2 key findings →
Participants: 2,364
Evidence: low
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In the 852 subjects without dementia, depressed mood was more common in individuals with greater cognitive impairment. 3 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 1,070
Evidence: moderate
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APOE genotyping does not provide sufficient sensitivity or specificity to be used alone as a diagnostic test for Alzheimer's disease, but when used in combination with clinical criteria, it improves the specificity of the diagnosis. 5 key findings →
Participants: 2,188
Evidence: low
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The TICS has high diagnostic validity for identification of dementia among ethnically diverse older adults, especially when supported by the DQ and prior visit data. 2 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 256
Evidence: moderate
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61/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2005-08-01
Diabetes and current smoking were the strongest risk factors, but clusters including hypertension and heart disease also increased the risk of AD. 1 key finding →
Participants: 1,138
Evidence: low
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Higher adherence to the MeDi is associated with a trend for reduced risk of developing MCI and with reduced risk of MCI conversion to AD. 4 key findings →
Participants: 482
Evidence: moderate
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We hypothesized that telomere length might thus relate to increased risk for dementia and mortality. 2 key findings →
Design: case-control study
Participants: 257
Evidence: moderate
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Consumption of up to three servings of wine daily is associated with a lower risk of AD in elderly individuals without the APOE epsilon-4 allele. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 260
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
60/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2000-02-01
The results of this preliminary case-control study suggest that estradiol levels may decline significantly in women in whom AD develops. 5 key findings →
Design: case-control study
Participants: 50
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Stroke is associated with AD among elderly individuals. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 28,580 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.