Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Find studies

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Prevalence and characteristics of dementia in Parkinson disease: an 8-year prospective study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 68 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2003-03-01

More than three quarters of this representative PD cohort developed dementia during the 8-year study period. 2 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 224 Evidence: moderate

Prognosis of mild cognitive impairment in early Parkinson disease: the Norwegian ParkWest study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100. JAMA neurology 2013-05-01

Significantly more patients with MCI than without MCI at baseline (10 of 37 [27.0%] vs 1 of 145 [0.7%]; relative risk, 39.2 [95% CI, 5.2-296.5]; P Conclusions and relevance Mild cognitive impairment at PD diagnosis predicts a highly increased risk for early dementia. 1 key finding →

Design: cohort study Participants: 182 Evidence: moderate

A 12-year population-based study of psychosis in Parkinson disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2010-08-01

Psychotic symptoms affect most patients with PD, with increased risk in those with higher age at onset, need for high doses of dopaminergic drugs, and probable REM sleep behavior disorder. 3 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 137 Evidence: moderate

Natural course of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease: A 5-year population-based study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100. Neurology 2017-01-20

Early PD-MCI, regardless of persistence or reversion to normal cognition, has prognostic value for predicting dementia in patients with PD. 2 key findings →

Participants: 178 Evidence: moderate

Risk of dementia in Parkinson's disease: a community-based, prospective study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Neurology 2001-03-01

Forty-three patients with PD were demented at follow-up evaluation, equivalent to an incidence rate of 95.3 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI, 68.2 to 122.0). 2 key findings →

Participants: 171 Evidence: moderate

Apathy is a persistent behavioural feature in PD with a high incidence and prevalence over time. 3 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 139 Evidence: moderate

Cognitive impairment in incident, untreated Parkinson disease: the Norwegian ParkWest study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Neurology 2008-11-19

The findings demonstrate a twofold increase in the proportion with cognitive impairment in subjects with early, untreated Parkinson disease (PD) compared to controls. 4 key findings →

Participants: 196 Evidence: moderate

The aim of this study was to establish the rate of progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). 3 key findings →

Participants: 34 Evidence: low

Gray matter atrophy in Parkinson disease with dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 49 out of 100. Neurology 2007-08-01

We found that despite a similar severity of dementia, patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) had more cortical atrophy than patients with Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD), indicating different brain substrates underlying dementia in the two syndromes. 5 key findings →

Participants: 20 Evidence: low

Cholinesterase inhibitors with additional nicotinic activity, such as galantamine, may be useful in PD patients with dementia (PDD) since stimulation of nicotinic receptors may prevent the down-regulation that is likely to accompany cholinesterase inhibition and facilitate dopamine release in the striatum. 4 key findings →

Design: open-label trial Evidence: low

The objective of this study was to assess the temporal relationship between changes in predominant motor symptoms and incident dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD). 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,380 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (60.6% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,032 records (3.8% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed