Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Find studies

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

To investigate the relationships between age, the advanced clinical stages of Parkinson's disease and neuropathology, we surveyed 129 case records from donors with pathologically proven Parkinson's disease at the Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Molecular imaging with Pittsburgh Compound B confirmed at autopsy: a case report

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2007-03-01

Patient A 76-year-old man with a clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies underwent fluorodeoxyglucose (18)F and PiB positron emission tomographic brain scans. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by selective dysfunction and loss of neurons associated with pathologically altered proteins that deposit in the human brain but also in peripheral organs. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

FUS pathology in basophilic inclusion body disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Acta neuropathologica 2009-10-15

Basophilic Inclusion Body Disease (BIBD) is a tau-negative form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), characterized by neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI) that are visible on hematoxylin and eosin stain (HE), contain RNA, and are inconsistently ubiquitin-immunoreactive (ir). 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

In the last few years, co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide combined with luteoline has emerged as a potential therapeutic molecule in neurodegenerative disorders pathogenically related to frontotemporal dementia, for its demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. 4 key findings →

Design: clinical trial Participants: 25 Evidence: high

Significantly higher serum median NfL and GFAP levels were found in sporadic bvFTD (NfL 33.3 pg/mL, IQR (19.6-49.6); GFAP 124.5 pg/mL, IQR (83.5-181.6)) compared with PPD (NfL 12.2 pg/mL, IQR (9.8-17.9); GFAP 68.9 pg/mL, IQR (50.6-95.0), both p<0.001). 4 key findings →

Participants: 275 Evidence: moderate

Dominance of 4R over three-repeat (exon 10-) tau isoforms contrasts with earlier reports of R406W patients and was not sufficiently explained by the presence of H1/H2 haplotypes in two of the autopsied patients. 3 key findings →

Design: systematic review Evidence: low

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) shows neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, but clinical results remain inconsistent due to variability in treatment duration, outcome measures, and reliance on subjective assessments. 5 key findings →

Design: systematic review Evidence: high

As there are no biological markers for the antemortem diagnosis of degenerative parkinsonian disorders, diagnosis currently relies upon the presence and progression of clinical features and confirmation depends on neuropathology. 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is increasingly recognized to be a multisystem disorder which includes both clinical and neuropathological features of a frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia: diagnosis, clinical staging, and management

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. The Lancet. Neurology 2010-12-10

Patients with behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) present with insidious changes in personality and interpersonal conduct that indicate progressive disintegration of the neural circuits involved in social cognition, emotion regulation, motivation, and decision making. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Prospective validation of consensus criteria for the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Neurology 2000-03-01

The Consensus criteria for DLB performed as well in this prospective study as those for AD and VaD, with a diagnostic sensitivity substantially higher than that reported by previous retrospective studies. 3 key findings →

Evidence: moderate

What best differentiates Lewy body from Alzheimer's disease in early-stage dementia?

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Brain : a journal of neurology 2006-01-09

To determine which clinical feature(s) [among visual hallucinations (VH), extrapyramidal signs (EPS) and visuospatial impairment] in the earliest stages of disease best predicted a diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) at autopsy, first-visit data of 23 pathologically proven DLB and 94 Alzheimer's disease cases were compared. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

It has been suggested that dietary antioxidants reduce Parkinson's disease (PD) risk by neutralizing free radicals, thus preventing injury to neurons in the substantia nigra. 4 key findings →

Design: case-control study Participants: 57 Evidence: moderate

The decline in the high incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism, and Alzheimer-type dementia among the Chamorro population of the western Pacific islands of Guam and Rota, coupled with the absence of demonstrable viral and hereditable factors in this disease, suggests the gradual disappearance of an environmental factor selectively associated with this culture. 2 key findings →

Evidence: low

Cognitive function in early Parkinson's disease: a population-based study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. European journal of neurology 2009-06-15

Cognitive dysfunction is common in untreated patients in early PD, affecting attention, psychomotor function, episodic memory, executive function and category fluency. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

MRI and pathology of REM sleep behavior disorder in dementia with Lewy bodies

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Neurology 2013-10-09

Patients with autopsy-confirmed low-, intermediate-, and high-likelihood DLB, according to the probability statement recommended by the third report of the DLB Consortium, and antemortem MRI, were identified (n = 75). 3 key findings →

Participants: 75 Evidence: low

Distinctive Oculomotor Behaviors in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Frontiers in aging neuroscience 2021-02-04

Oculomotor behavior can provide insight into the integrity of widespread cortical networks, which may contribute to the differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. 2 key findings →

Participants: 93 Evidence: low

Although diagnosed by characteristic motor features, Parkinson's disease may be preceded, and is frequently accompanied by, a wide range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric features. 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

From across this tag

9 of the 1,021 studies in this tag, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 9. The same 9 appear here every time.

↑ Change the filters

Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,780 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,780 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (61.1% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.3%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,034 records (3.7% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed