As the literature related to cognitive reserve (CR) in individuals with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is only emerging, a clear consensus on the relationship among CR proxies, brain status, and clinical performance has not been reached. 2 key findings →
Design: systematic review
Participants: 1,423
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
A relationship between sleep disorders and cognitive dysfunctions was reported in Parkinson's Disease (PD), however, some studies did not confirm the link. 4 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 54
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
77/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 77 out of 100.
·
JAMA network open
·
2026-05-01
Among 2 184 847 Danish citizens aged between 65 and 95 years, there were 3024 individuals with DLB (mean [SD] age, 78 [6], 1894 [62.6%] male) and 3808 with PDD (mean [SD] age, 78 [6], 2400 [63.0%] male) who were matched with 30 240 and 38 080 controls, respectively. 5 key findings →
Design: case-control study
Participants: 3,024
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with neuronal inclusions of the TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (FTLD-TDP) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with only a limited number of risk loci identified. 3 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 985
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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Mild cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) is a risk factor for the development of dementia. 4 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 7,053
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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A total of 19 reviews containing 37 meta-analyses were included umbrella review. 5 key findings →
Design: systematic review
Participants: 19
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia, jointly known as Lewy body dementia, are common neurodegenerative conditions. 5 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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The present study showed that higher educational levels were related to better general cognitive function, executive function, memory, and information processing speed in PD patients, whereas no significant association was showed between educational levels and visuospatial function, language in PD patients. 4 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Their results on motor testing from the preceding years were plotted, and then assessed with regression analysis, to determine when markers first deviated from normal values. 3 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 78
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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68/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 68 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2019-04-01
From a total of 146 patients, 111 patients were included (67 men [60.4%]; mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 62.5 [11.5] years). 1 key finding →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 146
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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Huntington's disease patients had a lower prevalence of hypertension compared with age-matched gene-negative controls. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 14,534
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
66/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100.
·
Nature genetics
·
2010-02-14
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the second most common cause of presenile dementia. 1 key finding →
Participants: 515
Evidence: low
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Original source
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Several studies report an association between REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) and neurodegenerative diseases, in particular synucleinopathies. 5 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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Inflammation is increasingly implicated as a risk factor for dementia, stroke, and small vessel disease (SVD). 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) are associated with Gaucher's disease, the most common lysosomal storage disorder. 5 key findings →
Participants: 790
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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Increased α-synuclein egress in serum neuronal exosomes precedes the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, persists with disease progression and in combination with clusterin predicts and differentiates Parkinson's disease from atypical parkinsonism. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 314
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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Among patients aged ≥55 years presenting to inpatient/ED settings with trauma, TBI is associated with a 44% increased risk of developing PD over 5 to 7 years that is unlikely to be due to confounding or reverse causation. 4 key findings →
Participants: 52,393
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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Evidence regarding the association of specific air pollutants with vascular dementia (VaD) risk is limited. 4 key findings →
Design: case-control study
Participants: 831
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Our results suggest that the TREM2 p.R47H substitution is a risk factor for frontotemporal dementia and Parkinson's disease in addition to Alzheimer's disease. 4 key findings →
Participants: 609
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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Psychotic symptoms affect most patients with PD, with increased risk in those with higher age at onset, need for high doses of dopaminergic drugs, and probable REM sleep behavior disorder. 3 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 137
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2009-10-01
Our results support an association between anemia experienced early in life and the later development of Parkinson disease. 5 key findings →
Design: case-control study
Participants: 196
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
62/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100.
·
Brain
·
1991-01-01
Current knowledge of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) has largely been obtained from studies of chronically treated patients in whom effects of disease chronicity, treatment, depression and dementia are confounding factors. 1 key finding →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 60
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Individuals with autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia (FTD) exhibit considerable variability in disease onset and progression. 5 key findings →
Participants: 711
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
59/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2014-04-01
Although levodopa is the most effective medication available for treating the motor symptoms of Parkinson disease, in certain instances (eg, mild symptoms, tremor as the only or most prominent symptom, aged Conclusions and relevance Strong evidence supports using levodopa and dopamine agonists for motor symptoms at all stages of Parkinson disease. 1 key finding →
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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59/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100.
·
Stroke
·
2010-09-23
In this large cohort study of elderly subjects, the degree of dVRS appears independently associated with age, hypertension, volume of white matter hyperintensities, and lacunar infarctions. dVRS should be considered as another MRI marker of cerebral small vessel disease in the elderly with regional variations in their severity. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 31,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.