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Sleep epidemiology--a rapidly growing field
Jane E. Ferrie, Meena Kumari B, Paula Salo, Archana Singh‐Manoux, Mika Kivimaki B. International Journal of Epidemiology, 2011-12-01
Topic: Gut, metabolism and diet
First, sleep problems are associated with accidents and human errors. The commonest cause of premature mortality in adults is cardiovascular disease and a new meta-analysis suggests that both short and long sleep are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke.23 So, mechanisms involving cardiovascular risk factors provide potential explanations for the associations between sleep and mortality. First, short and long sleep are associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension.24 Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea have also been linked to higher rates of hypertension. Although the findings are complex, there is compelling evidence that sleep restriction in humans is associated with increases in inflammatory markers, with some evidence of bidirectional effects (Figure 3),26,27 and that inflammatory responses are increased in people with obstructive sleep apnoea.28 Results from observational studies additionally show that treatment of sleep disorders reduces levels of inflammatory markers, although evidence from randomized controlled trials remains equivocal.29 Sleep, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease outcomes (from reference26 with permission) Major sleep disorders are more prevalent among the obese. A meta-analysis has suggested an association between short sleep and obesity,30 although prospective evidence is inconsistent.31,32 In the general population an extra 1 h of sleep is associated with a lower body mass index (0.35 U).30 Although this may seem unimportant at the individual level it has greater significance at the population level.33 For example, based on prevalence data from published studies it has been estimated that 3–5% of the overall proportion of obesity in adults could be attributable to short sleep.34 There is an interesting literature linking sleep with the release of hormones and disrupted endocrine function.35 Many cross-sectional studies have also observed associations between short sleep and diabetes. Reference group is those free of the particular sleep problem (from reference36 with permission) Finally, common mental disorders, in particular depression, are the most prevalent conditions associated with problematic sleep. Insomnia may lead to depression, alternately common causes such as heightened arousal could underlie the two disorders.40 A review of studies that simultaneously examined the effects of sleep and depression on cardiometabolic disease showed sleep to be associated with disease in
Key findings
- First, sleep problems are associated with accidents and human errors.
- The commonest cause of premature mortality in adults is cardiovascular disease and a new meta-analysis suggests that both short and long sleep are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke.23 So, mechanisms involving cardiovascular risk factors provide potential explanations for the associations between sleep and mortality.
- First, short and long sleep are associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension.24 Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea have also been linked to higher rates of hypertension.
- Although the findings are complex, there is compelling evidence that sleep restriction in humans is associated with increases in inflammatory markers, with some evidence of bidirectional effects (Figure 3),26,27 and that inflammatory responses are increased in people with obstructive sleep apnoea.28 Results from observational studies additionally show that treatment of sleep disorders reduces levels of inflammatory markers, although evidence from randomized controlled trials remains equivocal.29 Sleep, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease outcomes (from reference26 with permission) Major sleep disorders are more prevalent among the obese.
- A meta-analysis has suggested an association between short sleep and obesity,30 although prospective evidence is inconsistent.31,32 In the general population an extra 1 h of sleep is associated with a lower body mass index (0.35 U).30 Although this may seem unimportant at the individual level it has greater significance at the population level.33 For example, based on prevalence data from published studies it has been estimated that 3–5% of the overall proportion of obesity in adults could be attributable to short sleep.34 There is an interesting literature linking sleep with the release of hormones and disrupted endocrine function.35 Many cross-sectional studies have also observed associations between short sleep and diabetes.
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Study details
- Study designmeta-analysis
- Effect size0.05%
- Evidence strengthHigh
How this study scored 71/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a meta-analysis pooling many studies. Scored zero for sample size and studied in people because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 41 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 71 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (International Journal of Epidemiology) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 12 / 12 | A meta-analysis pooling many studies |
| Strength of evidence | 5 / 5 | Rated “high” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2011 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | A review of other studies — randomisation is not credited here |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 22158659) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 41 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 41 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 71 out of 100. |
| Total | 71 / 100 | — |
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APA 7th
Ferrie, J. E., Meena Kumari, B., Salo, P., Singh‐Manoux, A., & Mika Kivimaki, B. (2011). Sleep epidemiology--a rapidly growing field. International Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr203
Vancouver
Ferrie JE, Meena Kumari B, Salo P, Singh‐Manoux A, Mika Kivimaki B. Sleep epidemiology--a rapidly growing field. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2011. doi:10.1093/ije/dyr203. PMID: 22158659.
BibTeX
@article{ferrie2011-22158659,
author = {Ferrie, Jane E. and Meena Kumari, B. and Salo, Paula and Singh‐Manoux, Archana and Mika Kivimaki, B.},
title = {{Sleep epidemiology--a rapidly growing field}},
journal = {International Journal of Epidemiology},
year = {2011},
doi = {10.1093/ije/dyr203},
pmid = {22158659},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr203}
}
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