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Short-form Zarit Caregiver Burden Interviews were valid in advanced conditions
Higginson IJ, Gao W, Jackson D, Murray J, Harding R.. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 2010-05-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Objectives To assess six short-form versions of Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-12, ZBI-8, ZBI-7, ZBI-6, ZBI-4, and ZBI-1) among three caregiving populations. Study design and setting Secondary analysis of carers' surveys in advanced cancer (n=105), dementia (n=131), and acquired brain injury (n=215). All completed demographic information and the ZBI-22 were used. Validity was assessed by Spearman correlations and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Overall discrimination ability was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results All short-form versions, except the ZBI-1 in advanced cancer (rho=0.63), displayed good correlations (rho=0.74-0.97) with the ZBI-22. Cronbach's alphas suggested high internal consistency (range: 0.69-0.89) even for the ZBI-4. Discriminative ability was good for all short forms (AUC range: 0.90-0.99); the best AUC was for ZBI-12 (0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-0.99) and the second best for ZBI-7 (0.98; 95% CI: 0.96-0.98) and ZBI-6 (0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-0.99). Conclusions All six short-form ZBI have very good validity, internal consistency, and discriminative ability. ZBI-12 is endorsed as the best short-form version; ZBI-7 and ZBI-6 show almost equal properties and are suitable when a fewer-question version is needed. ZBI-4 and ZBI-1 are suitable for screening, but ZBI-1 may be less valid in cancer.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Higginson, I. J., Gao, W., Jackson, D., Murray, J., & Harding, R. (2010). Short-form Zarit Caregiver Burden Interviews were valid in advanced conditions. Journal of clinical epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.014
Vancouver
Higginson IJ, Gao W, Jackson D, Murray J, Harding R. Short-form Zarit Caregiver Burden Interviews were valid in advanced conditions. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2010. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.014. PMID: 19836205.
BibTeX
@article{higginson2010-19836205,
author = {Higginson, I. J. and Gao, W. and Jackson, D. and Murray, J. and Harding, R.},
title = {{Short-form Zarit Caregiver Burden Interviews were valid in advanced conditions}},
journal = {Journal of clinical epidemiology},
year = {2010},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.014},
pmid = {19836205},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.014}
}
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Key findings
- Overall discrimination ability was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).
- Results All short-form versions, except the ZBI-1 in advanced cancer (rho=0.63), displayed good correlations (rho=0.74-0.97) with the ZBI-22.
Why it matters
This study tested six short versions of a questionnaire that measures the burden felt by people caring for someone with dementia, and found most were valid and reliable. It is a tool for measuring caregiver burden, not a treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Caregiving →
Study details
- Participants105
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 64/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a meta-analysis pooling many studies. Scored zero for effect reported because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of clinical epidemiology) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Journal of Clinical Epidemiology: journal h-index 339 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 12 / 12 | A meta-analysis pooling many studies (from PubMed type “Meta-Analysis”) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2010 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 105 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | A review of other studies — randomisation is not credited here |
| Times cited | 6 / 7 | Cited 340 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 18.9 citations a year over 18 year(s) since 2010 |
| Impact for its field and year | 4 / 6 | Cited 14.4× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 2 / 6 | Cited by 5 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 3 / 4 | Cited 96 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Richard Harding: h-index 88 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | King's College London: institution h-index 1,348 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 19836205) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 64 / 100 | — |
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