Relationships Between APOE, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women
Michelle M Dunk, Ira Driscoll, Mark A Espeland, Kathleen M Hayden, Simin Liu, Rami Nassir, Ginny Natale, Aladdin H Shadyab et al.. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2025-01-16
Topic: Genetics and APOE
Among all participants (mean age 66.7 ± 6.5 years, 100% non-Hispanic White), 451 (6.6%) were using statins at baseline. Over the follow-up (mean 14.9 and 16.0 years for T2DM and CVD, respectively), 1 564 participants developed T2DM and 1 578 developed CVD. T2DM incidence did not differ significantly by APOE status (ps ≥ .09). Among non-statin users, APOE4+ had higher incidence of total CVD (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.18 [1.02-1.38], p = .03) compared with APOE3 carriers, but risks for coronary heart disease (1.09 [0.87-1.36], p = .47) and stroke (1.14 [0.91-1.44], p = .27) were not significantly elevated when examined individually. CVD outcomes did not differ between APOE2+ and APOE3 carriers (ps ≥ 0.11). T2DM risk did not differ by APOE status among postmenopausal women, but APOE4+ carriers not using statins had an increased risk of total CVD events.
Key findings
- Among all participants (mean age 66.7 ± 6.5 years, 100% non-Hispanic White), 451 (6.6%) were using statins at baseline.
- Over the follow-up (mean 14.9 and 16.0 years for T2DM and CVD, respectively), 1 564 participants developed T2DM and 1 578 developed CVD.
- T2DM incidence did not differ significantly by APOE status (ps ≥ .09).
- Among non-statin users, APOE4+ had higher incidence of total CVD (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.18 [1.02-1.38], p = .03) compared with APOE3 carriers, but risks for coronary heart disease (1.09 [0.87-1.36], p = .47) and stroke (1.14 [0.91-1.44], p = .27) were not significantly elevated when examined individually.
- CVD outcomes did not differ between APOE2+ and APOE3 carriers (ps ≥ 0.11).
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Study details
- Participants564
- Effect size6.6%
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 55/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multi-centre collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 31 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 55 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 564 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 39364911) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 31 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 31 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 55 out of 100. |
| Total | 55 / 100 | — |
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APA 7th
Dunk, M. M., Driscoll, I., Espeland, M. A., Hayden, K. M., Liu, S., Nassir, R., et al. (2025). Relationships Between APOE, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glae246
Vancouver
Dunk MM, Driscoll I, Espeland MA, Hayden KM, Liu S, Nassir R, et al. Relationships Between APOE, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. 2025. doi:10.1093/gerona/glae246. PMID: 39364911.
BibTeX
@article{dunk2025-39364911,
author = {Dunk, Michelle M and Driscoll, Ira and Espeland, Mark A and Hayden, Kathleen M and Liu, Simin and Nassir, Rami and Natale, Ginny and Shadyab, Aladdin H and others},
title = {{Relationships Between APOE, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women}},
journal = {The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1093/gerona/glae246},
pmid = {39364911},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glae246}
}
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