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Gait speed in Parkinson disease correlates with cholinergic degeneration
Bohnen NI, Frey KA, Studenski S, Kotagal V, Koeppe RA, Scott PJ, Albin RL, Müller ML.. Neurology, 2013-09-27
Topic: Brain imaging, connectivity and assessment
Objective We investigated dopaminergic and cholinergic correlates of gait speed in Parkinson disease (PD) and non-PD control subjects to test the hypothesis that gait dysfunction in PD may result from multisystem degeneration. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Subjects with PD but without dementia (n = 125, age 65.6 ± 7.3 years) and elderly subjects without PD (n = 32, age 66.0 ± 10.6 years) underwent [¹¹C]dihydrotetrabenazine dopaminergic and [(11)C]methyl-4-piperidinyl propionate acetylcholinesterase PET imaging, and cognitive and clinical testing, including an 8.5-m walk in the dopaminergic "off" state. The fifth percentile of cortical cholinergic activity in the elderly without PD was used to define normal-range activity in the subjects with PD. Results Normal-range cortical cholinergic activity was present in 87 subjects with PD (69.6%). Analysis of covariance using gait speed as the dependent variable demonstrated a significant model (F = 6.70, p < 0.0001) with a significant group effect (F = 3.36, p = 0.037) and significant slower gait speed in the low cholinergic PD subgroup (0.97 ± 0.22 m/s) with no significant difference between the normal-range cholinergic PD subgroup (1.12 ± 0.20 m/s) and control subjects (1.17 ± 0.18 m/s). Covariate effects were significant for cognition (F = 6.58, p = 0.011), but not for striatal dopaminergic innervation, sex, or age. Conclusion Comorbid cortical cholinergic denervation is a more robust marker of slowing of gait in PD than nigrostriatal denervation alone. Gait speed is not significantly slower than normal in subjects with PD with relatively isolated nigrostriatal denervation.
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APA 7th
Bohnen, N. I., Frey, K. A., Studenski, S., Kotagal, V., Koeppe, R. A., Scott, P. J., et al. (2013). Gait speed in Parkinson disease correlates with cholinergic degeneration. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a9f558
Vancouver
Bohnen NI, Frey KA, Studenski S, Kotagal V, Koeppe RA, Scott PJ, et al. Gait speed in Parkinson disease correlates with cholinergic degeneration. Neurology. 2013. doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a9f558. PMID: 24078735.
BibTeX
@article{bohnen2013-24078735,
author = {Bohnen, N. I. and Frey, K. A. and Studenski, S. and Kotagal, V. and Koeppe, R. A. and Scott, P. J. and Albin, R. L. and Müller, M. L.},
title = {{Gait speed in Parkinson disease correlates with cholinergic degeneration}},
journal = {Neurology},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a9f558},
pmid = {24078735},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a9f558}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 8 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Objective We investigated dopaminergic and cholinergic correlates of gait speed in Parkinson disease (PD) and non-PD control subjects to test the hypothesis that gait dysfunction in PD may result from multisystem degeneration.
- Results Normal-range cortical cholinergic activity was present in 87 subjects with PD (69.6%).
- Analysis of covariance using gait speed as the dependent variable demonstrated a significant model (F = 6.70, p < 0.0001) with a significant group effect (F = 3.36, p = 0.037) and significant slower gait speed in the low cholinergic PD subgroup (0.97 ± 0.22 m/s) with no significant difference between the normal-range cholinergic PD subgroup (1.12 ± 0.20 m/s) and control subjects (1.17 ± 0.18 m/s).
- Covariate effects were significant for cognition (F = 6.58, p = 0.011), but not for striatal dopaminergic innervation, sex, or age.
- Gait speed is not significantly slower than normal in subjects with PD with relatively isolated nigrostriatal denervation.
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Study details
- Study designcross-sectional
- Participants125
- Effect size69.6%
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 59/100
Published in a leading specialty journal, and it is a snapshot of people at one point in time. Scored zero for randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 34 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 59 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 4 / 12 | A snapshot of people at one point in time |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2013 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 125 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 24078735) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 34 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 34 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 59 out of 100. |
| Total | 59 / 100 | — |
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