Fluid biomarkers in atypical… | 2025

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36/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Tau biomarkers

Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models

Diagnosing Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes (APS) may be challenging due to overlapping clinical features of Parkinson's disease (PD), and the lack of pathognomonic diagnostic tests. Fluid biomarkers can be useful tools that make it easier to identify and track different APS. Objectives: this narrative review aim to update the current state of fluid biomarker research in APS and their potential implications in clinical practice.

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APA 7th

Bougea, A., Colosimo, C., Falup-Pecurariu, C., Palermo, G., & Degirmenci, Y. (2025). Fluid biomarkers in atypical Parkinsonism: current state and future perspectives. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-025-02930-2

Vancouver

Bougea A, Colosimo C, Falup-Pecurariu C, Palermo G, Degirmenci Y. Fluid biomarkers in atypical Parkinsonism: current state and future perspectives. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). 2025. doi:10.1007/s00702-025-02930-2. PMID: 40392273.

BibTeX

@article{bougea2025-40392273,
  author  = {Bougea, A. and Colosimo, C. and Falup-Pecurariu, C. and Palermo, G. and Degirmenci, Y.},
  title   = {{Fluid biomarkers in atypical Parkinsonism: current state and future perspectives}},
  journal = {Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.1007/s00702-025-02930-2},
  pmid    = {40392273},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-025-02930-2}
}

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Key findings

Fluid biomarkers can be useful tools that make it easier to identify and track different APS.
Objectives: this narrative review aim to update the current state of fluid biomarker research in APS and their potential implications in clinical practice.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus using the following terms: "Aβ42 amyloid beta with 42 amino acids'', " alpha-synuclein'', "Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes'', "corticobasaldegeneration'', "C reactive protein'', "cerebrospinal fluid'', "dementia with Lewy bodies'', "multiple system atrophy'', "neurofilament light, oligomericαsyn, phosphorylated α -syn'', "tau phosphorylated at threonine 181'', "progressive supranuclear palsy'', "Seeding Amplification Assay'', "t-tau; total tau".
The lack of high-affinity α-syn antibodies and ligands may contribute to α-syn's low efficacy as a diagnostic biomarker of APS.

Why it matters

This narrative review summarizes the current state of fluid biomarker research in atypical parkinsonian syndromes and their possible clinical use. It is about biomarkers for these syndromes, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.

New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Blood tests & biomarkers →

Study details

Study designnarrative review
Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 36/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996))
Journal's citation record	2 / 4	Journal of Neural Transmission: journal h-index 167 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	Design recorded as “narrative review”, which our rubric does not rank (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	2 / 7	Cited 5 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	1 / 5	1.7 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025
Impact for its field and year	2 / 6	Cited 2.8× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	1 / 4	Cited 5 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	1 / 4	Last-listed author Yıldız Değirmenci: h-index 12 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	1 / 3	University of Pisa: institution h-index 907 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 7 institution(s) in 3 countries
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40392273)
Free to read	0 / 2	Behind a paywall — scores zero
Total	36 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

Read the original

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