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Enriched environment restores hippocampal cell proliferation and ameliorates cognitive deficits in chronically stressed rats
Veena J, Srikumar BN, Mahati K, Bhagya V, Raju TR, Shankaranarayana Rao BS.. Journal of neuroscience research, 2009-03-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
Adult neurogenesis, particularly in the subgranular zone, is thought to be linked with learning and memory. Chronic stress inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis and also impairs learning and memory. On the other hand, exposure to enriched environment (EE) is reported to enhance the survival of new neurons and improve cognition. Accordingly, in the present study, we examined whether short-term EE after stress could ameliorate the stress-induced decrease in hippocampal cell proliferation and impairment in radial arm maze learning. After restraint stress (6 hr/day, 21 days) adult rats were exposed to EE (6 hr/day, 10 days). We observed that chronic restraint stress severely affected formation of new cells and learning. Stressed rats showed a significant decrease (70%) in the number of BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine)-immunoreactive cells and impairment in the performance of the partially baited radial arm maze task. Interestingly, EE after stress completely restored the hippocampal cell proliferation. On par with the restoration of hippocampal cytogenesis, short-term EE after stress resulted in a significant increase in percentage correct choices and a decrease in the number of reference memory errors compared with the stressed animals. Also, EE per se significantly increased the cell proliferation compared with controls. Furthermore, stress significantly reduced the hippocampal volume that was reversed after EE. Our observations demonstrate that short-term EE completely ameliorates the stress-induced decrease in cell proliferation and learning deficit, thus demonstrating the efficiency of rehabilitation in reversal of stress-induced deficits and suggesting a probable role of newly formed cells in the effects of EE.
Key findings
- We observed that chronic restraint stress severely affected formation of new cells and learning.
- Stressed rats showed a significant decrease (70%) in the number of BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine)-immunoreactive cells and impairment in the performance of the partially baited radial arm maze task.
- On par with the restoration of hippocampal cytogenesis, short-term EE after stress resulted in a significant increase in percentage correct choices and a decrease in the number of reference memory errors compared with the stressed animals.
- Also, EE per se significantly increased the cell proliferation compared with controls.
- Furthermore, stress significantly reduced the hippocampal volume that was reversed after EE.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 36/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 36 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of neuroscience research) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2009 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Laboratory or animal study (title names “rats”) — scores zero |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 19006089) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 21 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 36 out of 100. |
| Total | 36 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
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APA 7th
Veena, J., Srikumar, B. N., Mahati, K., Bhagya, V., Raju, T. R., & Shankaranarayana Rao, B. S. (2009). Enriched environment restores hippocampal cell proliferation and ameliorates cognitive deficits in chronically stressed rats. Journal of neuroscience research. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.21907
Vancouver
Veena J, Srikumar BN, Mahati K, Bhagya V, Raju TR, Shankaranarayana Rao BS. Enriched environment restores hippocampal cell proliferation and ameliorates cognitive deficits in chronically stressed rats. Journal of neuroscience research. 2009. doi:10.1002/jnr.21907. PMID: 19006089.
BibTeX
@article{veena2009-19006089,
author = {Veena, J. and Srikumar, B. N. and Mahati, K. and Bhagya, V. and Raju, T. R. and Shankaranarayana Rao, B. S.},
title = {{Enriched environment restores hippocampal cell proliferation and ameliorates cognitive deficits in chronically stressed rats}},
journal = {Journal of neuroscience research},
year = {2009},
doi = {10.1002/jnr.21907},
pmid = {19006089},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.21907}
}
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