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Home › Research › Hippocampus size on brain scans

Education differentially contributes to cognitive reserve across racial/ethnic groups

Avila JF, Rentería MA, Jones RN, Vonk JMJ, Turney I, Sol K, Seblova D, Arias F et al.. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2020-08-22

This page is alzhub.org's plain-English summary of a published study, not the paper itself. It is generated from the record we hold for this study, sourced and linked below — check the original for the full text and methods.

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100. Hippocampus size on brain scans

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

Introduction We examined whether educational attainment differentially contributes to cognitive reserve (CR) across race/ethnicity. Methods A total of 1553 non-Hispanic Whites (Whites), non-Hispanic Blacks (Blacks), and Hispanics in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) completed structural magnetic resonance imaging. Mixture growth curve modeling was used to examine whether the effect of brain integrity indicators (hippocampal volume, cortical thickness, and white matter hyperintensity [WMH] volumes) on memory and language trajectories was modified by education across racial/ethnic groups. Results Higher educational attainment attenuated the negative impact of WMH burden on memory (β = -0.03; 99% CI: -0.071, -0.002) and language decline (β = -0.024; 99% CI:- 0.044, -0.004), as well as the impact of cortical thinning on level of language performance for Whites, but not for Blacks or Hispanics. Discussion Educational attainment does not contribute to CR similarly across racial/ethnic groups.

Key findings

Study details

How this study scored 53/100
How this study's score is builtJournal tier 9 of 10; Journal's citation record left out, no data; Study design 0 of 12; Strength of evidence 1 of 5; Peer-review validation 10 of 10; How recent 3 of 5; Sample size 3 of 4; Effect reported 0 of 3; Studied in people 3 of 3; Randomised / blinded 0 of 2; Times cited left out, no data; Citations per year left out, no data; Impact for its field and year left out, no data; Cited by studies here left out, no data; Still being cited left out, no data; Senior author's track record left out, no data; Institution's track record left out, no data; Multi-centre collaboration left out, no data; Indexed in PubMed 2 of 2; Free to read 0 of 2. 31 of the 58 points it could be judged on, which is 53 of 100. Total 53 of 100.31 of the 58 points we could judge = 53 of 100

Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 31 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 53 out of 100.

ComponentPointsWhy
Journal tier 9 / 10 Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association)
Journal's citation record — / 4 No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score
Study design 0 / 12 No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence 1 / 5 Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation 10 / 10 Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent 3 / 5 2021 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size 3 / 4 1,553 participants
Effect reported 0 / 3 No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people 3 / 3 Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomised / blinded 0 / 2 No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited — / 7 No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score
Citations per year — / 5 No citation count or no year — left out of this score
Impact for its field and year — / 6 No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score
Cited by studies here — / 6 Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score
Still being cited — / 4 No yearly citation counts — left out of this score
Senior author's track record — / 4 Senior author's record not available — left out of this score
Institution's track record — / 3 No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score
Multi-centre collaboration — / 3 Institutions not listed — left out of this score
Indexed in PubMed 2 / 2 Indexed in PubMed (PMID 32827354)
Free to read 0 / 2 Behind a paywall — scores zero
Points 31 / 58 Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 31 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 53 out of 100.
Total 53 / 100 —

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

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Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

APA 7th

Avila, J. F., Rentería, M. A., Jones, R. N., Vonk, J. M. J., Turney, I., Sol, K., et al. (2021). Education differentially contributes to cognitive reserve across racial/ethnic groups. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12176

Vancouver

Avila JF, Rentería MA, Jones RN, Vonk JMJ, Turney I, Sol K, et al. Education differentially contributes to cognitive reserve across racial/ethnic groups. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. 2021. doi:10.1002/alz.12176. PMID: 32827354.

BibTeX

@article{avila2021-32827354,
  author  = {Avila, J. F. and Rentería, M. A. and Jones, R. N. and Vonk, J. M. J. and Turney, I. and Sol, K. and Seblova, D. and Arias, F. and others},
  title   = {{Education differentially contributes to cognitive reserve across racial/ethnic groups}},
  journal = {Alzheimer's \& dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association},
  year    = {2021},
  doi     = {10.1002/alz.12176},
  pmid    = {32827354},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12176}
}

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