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Association between the Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline in a biracial population
Koyama A, Houston DK, Simonsick EM, Lee JS, Ayonayon HN, Shahar DR, Rosano C, Rosano C et al.. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2014-07-03
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Background Results from numerous studies suggest protective effects of the Mediterranean diet for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality. Evidence for an association with a decreased risk of cognitive decline is less consistent and studies are limited by a lack of diversity in their populations. Methods We followed 2,326 older adults (38.2% black, 51.3% female, aged 70-79 at baseline) over 8 years in a prospective cohort study in the United States (Health, Aging and Body Composition study). To measure adherence to a Mediterranean diet, we calculated race-specific tertiles of the MedDiet score (range: 0-55) using baseline food frequency questionnaires. Cognitive decline was assessed using repeated Modified Mini Mental State Examination scores over the study. We used linear mixed models to assess the association between MedDiet score and trajectory of cognitive decline. Results Among blacks, participants with high MedDiet scores had a significantly lower mean rate of decline on the Modified Mini Mental State Examination score compared with participants with lower MedDiet scores (middle and bottom tertiles). The mean difference in points per year was 0.22 (95% confidence interval: 0.05-0.39; p = .01) after adjustment for age, sex, education, body mass index, current smoking, physical activity, depression, diabetes, total energy intake, and socioeconomic status. No association between MedDiet scores and change in Modified Mini Mental State Examination score was seen among white participants (p = .14). Conclusions Stronger adherence to the Mediterranean diet may reduce the rate of cognitive decline among black, but not white older adults. Further studies in diverse populations are needed to confirm this association and pinpoint mechanisms that may explain these results.
Key findings
- Background Results from numerous studies suggest protective effects of the Mediterranean diet for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality.
- Evidence for an association with a decreased risk of cognitive decline is less consistent and studies are limited by a lack of diversity in their populations.
- Results Among blacks, participants with high MedDiet scores had a significantly lower mean rate of decline on the Modified Mini Mental State Examination score compared with participants with lower MedDiet scores (middle and bottom tertiles).
- Further studies in diverse populations are needed to confirm this association and pinpoint mechanisms that may explain these results.
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Study details
- Study designcohort study
- Effect size38.2%; 51.3%
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 55/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a cohort study following people over time. Scored zero for sample size, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 32 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 55 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A cohort study following people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2015 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 24994847) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 32 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 32 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 55 out of 100. |
| Total | 55 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Koyama, A., Houston, D. K., Simonsick, E. M., Lee, J. S., Ayonayon, H. N., Shahar, D. R., et al. (2015). Association between the Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline in a biracial population. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu097
Vancouver
Koyama A, Houston DK, Simonsick EM, Lee JS, Ayonayon HN, Shahar DR, et al. Association between the Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline in a biracial population. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. 2015. doi:10.1093/gerona/glu097. PMID: 24994847.
BibTeX
@article{koyama2015-24994847,
author = {Koyama, A. and Houston, D. K. and Simonsick, E. M. and Lee, J. S. and Ayonayon, H. N. and Shahar, D. R. and Rosano, C. and others},
title = {{Association between the Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline in a biracial population}},
journal = {The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1093/gerona/glu097},
pmid = {24994847},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu097}
}
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