Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Find studies

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Glutamatergic alterations and mitochondrial impairment in a murine model of Alzheimer disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Neurobiology of aging 2011-10-27

Deficits in glutamate neurotransmission and mitochondrial functions were detected in the frontal cortex (FC) and hippopcampus (HIPP) of aged 3×Tg-Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice, compared with their wild type littermates (non-Tg). 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Oxysterols as biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Chemistry and physics of lipids 2011-04-16

In conclusion the analysis of oxysterols in plasma and CSF seems to contribute to investigate the role of cholesterol metabolism in pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and is helpful in the study of patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases. 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

Vitamin D receptor gene as a candidate gene for Parkinson disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Annals of human genetics 2011-03-01

Vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been postulated as environmental and genetic factors in neurodegeneration disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer disease (AD), and recently Parkinson disease (PD). 5 key findings →

Evidence: moderate

Diet and Alzheimer's disease risk factors or prevention: the current evidence

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Expert review of neurotherapeutics 2011-05-01

Poorer cognitive function and an increased risk of vascular dementia (VaD) were found to be associated with a lower consumption of milk or dairy products. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

The total numbers of neurons and glial cells in the neocortex and basal ganglia in adults with Down syndrome (DS) were estimated with design-based stereological methods, providing quantitative data on brains affected by delayed development and accelerated aging. 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

Endocytic system dysfunction is one of the earliest disturbances that occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and may underlie the selective vulnerability of cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) neurons during the progression of dementia. 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

The amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide is the derivative of amyloid precursor protein (APP) generated through sequential proteolytic processing by β- and γ-secretases. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Retinal amyloid peptides and complement factor H in transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Neuroreport 2011-08-01

Murine transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease (Tg-AD) have been useful to analyze the contribution of β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP), Aβ42 peptide deposition, and the proinflammatory mechanisms that characterize Alzheimer-type neuropathology. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Functions of the APP gene family in the nervous system: insights from mouse models

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Experimental brain research 2011-09-20

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as proteolytical cleavage of APP gives rise to the β-amyloid peptide which is deposited in the brains of Alzheimer patients. 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

β-Amyloid (Aβ), a peptide generated from the amyloid precursor protein, is widely believed to underlie the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

FTD and ALS: a tale of two diseases

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Current Alzheimer research 2011-05-01

The first reports of disorders that in terms of cognitive and behavioral symptoms resemble frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and in terms of motor symptoms resemble amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) bring us back to the second half of the 1800s. Over the last 150 years, and especially in the last two decades, there has been growing evidence that FTD signs can be seen in patients primarily diagnosed with ALS, implying clinical overlap among these two disorders. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Our findings suggest that microglial activation and the production of proinflammatory mediators by phospho-tau-positive neurons and glial cells may differentially contribute to neuronal death and disease progression in neurodegenerative tauopathies. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

The genetics of the human APOE polymorphism

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Rejuvenation research 2011-09-29

The genetic origin of the three common variants of the human apolipoprotein E (apoE) protein, known as E2, E3 and E4, was understood in 1981, and since the mid 1980s these are probably the most-studied protein variants in human races. 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

Autopsy-proven progressive supranuclear palsy presenting as behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Neurocase 2011-12-20

In these, at least one cardinal symptom or sign of PSP later emerges, associated with smaller midbrain volume and increased pons/midbrain ratio. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Personal attributes, environmental factors, and stimulus characteristics all contribute to the level and nature of engagement, with a secondary finding being that exposure to any stimulus elicits engagement in persons with dementia. 5 key findings →

Participants: 24 Evidence: low

Parkinsonism and frontotemporal dementia: the clinical overlap

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 2011-09-03

Frontotemporal dementia is commonly associated with parkinsonism in several sporadic (i.e., progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration) and familial neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., frontotemporal dementia associated with parkinsonism and MAPT or progranulin mutations in chromosome 17). 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

Florbetapir PET can be used to detect increased cerebral-to-cerebellar fibrillar Aβ burden in a Down syndrome patient with Alzheimer disease, even in the presence of frequent amyloid angiopathy and diffuse plaques in the cerebellum. 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

The combination of decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of beta-amyloid (1-42) and increased levels of phosphorylated tau (ptau-181) or total tau protein are known to be biomarkers ofAlzheimer's disease (AD). 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,380 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (60.6% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,032 records (3.8% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed