The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) measures abilities broadly related to executive function (EF), including WAIS-R Digit Symbol Substitution, Digit Span Backwards, Trails A and B, Category Fluency, and Clock Drawing. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Evidence: low
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In each cohort, achieving just 10-21.4 min/day moderate-to-vigorous PA related to better executive function ( P P = .02). 3 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 1,861
Evidence: moderate
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56/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100.
·
JAMA Network Open
·
2023-02-08
The sample included 2 619 464 patients (mean [SD] age, 81.3 [8.6] years; 61% women; 87% were White; 8% were Black; 22% with ADRD). 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 464
Evidence: low
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56/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100.
·
JAMA Network Open
·
2025-01-22
Among 4080 participants included in the analysis, the mean (SD) age was 66.5 (8.9) years, and 2241 (54.9%) were female. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 4,080
Evidence: low
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Plasma p-tau217 and p-tau231 were most effective in diagnosing aMCI/AD (AUC = 0.95 and 0.93, respectively), while p-tau217, p-tau231 and p-tau181 presented the best differential diagnosis for AD from PSP, FTD and DLB respectively (AUC = 0.84, 0.81 and 0.83). α-synuclein was presented as the best biomarker for PSP variant and behavior variant FTD subtypes (AUC = 0.81 and 0.74, respectively). 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 668
Evidence: moderate
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56/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100.
·
JAMA Network Open
·
2025-04-18
ADNI participants (921 dyads) had a mean (SD) age of 71 (7) years and mean (SD) of 17 (3) years of education; 485 (53%) were female, 30 (3%) were Asian, 105 (11%) were Black, and 756 (82%) were White. eVAL participants (279 dyads) had a mean (SD) age of 71 (8) years and mean (SD) of 17 (2) years of education; 151 (54%) were female, 17 (6%) were Asian, 12 (4%) were Black, and 245 (88%) were White. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 921
Evidence: moderate
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Residents' QoL was negatively associated with advanced dementia, PDU, and NPS. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 207
Evidence: low
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The ADRQL is a valid indicator of QOL in NH residents with advanced dementia. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 119
Evidence: moderate
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56/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100.
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Neurology
·
2015-02-25
In MCI, specific aspects of SCD severity and quality are related to CSF biomarkers indicative of AD. 3 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 245
Evidence: low
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55/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100.
·
Brain
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2016-03-08
Using PET brain scans, researchers found that where tau protein tangles build up in the brain closely tracks which brain regions lose function and matches a person's specific symptoms (memory loss vs. language problems vs. visual problems), much more closely than where amyloid plaques sit. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 35
Evidence: moderate
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55/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100.
·
JAMA Network Open
·
2025-06-02
In this cross-sectional study examining generational differences in age-specific dementia prevalence across the US, Europe, and England, we found that individuals from more recent birth cohorts had lower proportions of people with dementia. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 62,437
Evidence: moderate
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55/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
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2015-08-01
Similar to findings in adult mutation carriers, in the later preclinical and clinical stages of ADAD, mutation-carrying children were distinguished from control individuals by significantly higher plasma Aβ1-42 levels (mean [SD]: carriers, 18.8 [5.1] pg/mL and noncarriers, 13.1 [3.2] pg/mL; P Conclusions and relevance Children at genetic risk for ADAD have functional and structural brain changes and abnormal levels of plasma Aβ1-42. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Evidence: low
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55/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100.
·
JAMA network open
·
2021-07-01
Amyloid PET and sleep duration information was acquired on 4425 cognitively unimpaired participants (mean [SD] age, 71.3 [4.7] years; 2628 [59.4%] female; 1509 [34.1%] tested Aβ positive). 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Evidence: low
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55/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2018-10-05
We found increased levels of YKL-40 and decreased levels of sAPPβ in both FTD and ALS groups compared to controls. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 86
Evidence: low
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Regional sex-related differences in tau PET burden may contribute to the disparities in AD prevalence between males and females. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 148
Evidence: moderate
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55/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2018-06-29
These results provide evidence that, in the absence of significant neurodegenerative processes, individuals who harbor AD neuropathology may remain cognitively unimpaired. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 79
Evidence: low
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55/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2021-02-24
These results suggest that the presence of objective memory impairment in patients with probable CAA could serve as a marker for underlying tau pathology. 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 39
Evidence: low
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Age-related frailty and disease-related frailty may represent different degrees of frailty severity on a biological level. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 1,199
Evidence: low
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55/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2024-07-29
Individuals with DS were more likely to have microbleeds than controls (20% vs 8.9%, p 60 years) and AD clinical stage (12.42% asymptomatic, 27.9% prodromal, 35.09% dementia) were more common in APOE ε4 carriers (26% vs 18.3% noncarriers, p = 0.008), but not associated with vascular risk factors ( p > 0.05). 4 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 276
Evidence: low
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55/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2014-01-01
Infant ε4 carriers had lower MWF and GMV measurements than noncarriers in precuneus, posterior/middle cingulate, lateral temporal, and medial occipitotemporal regions, areas preferentially affected by AD, and greater MWF and GMV measurements in extensive frontal regions and measurements were also significant in the subset of 2- to 6-month-old infants (MWF differences, P Conclusions and relevance While our findings should be considered preliminary, this study demonstrates some of the earliest brain changes associated with the genetic predisposition to AD. 1 key finding →
Design: cross-sectional
Evidence: low
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55/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100.
·
Neurology
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2015-05-01
Our objective was to investigate cross-sectional associations between odor identification ability and imaging biomarkers of neurodegeneration and amyloid deposition in clinically normal (CN) elderly individuals, specifically testing the hypothesis that there may be an interaction between amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration in predicting odor identification dysfunction. 1 key finding →
Design: cross-sectional
Evidence: low
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55/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2016-04-15
Amyloid-positive cognitively healthy participants showed a significant increase in mI/creatine and mI/NAA levels compared to amyloid-negative healthy elderly (p Conclusions mI levels are elevated already at asymptomatic stages of AD. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Evidence: low
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Our goal was to ascertain the involvement of the temporal lobe in the preclinical (not yet diagnosable) stages of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) by using MRI-derived volumes. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 22
Evidence: low
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Original source
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55/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100.
·
Neuropsychologia
·
2001-01-01
The Mini-Mental State (MMS) is a brief structured test of cognitive function. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 450
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
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Cross-sectional and longitudinal observation. 2 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Evidence: moderate
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How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 27,780 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.