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Research

28,180 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 2,151–2,174 of 2,174 studies in Risk factors (page 87 of 87) · 28,180 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Download bibliography of the first 500 of these studies, in this order: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Other subjects

Authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Institutions

From OpenAlex; 13,658 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

What “Risk factors” covers

Risk factors — Conditions, exposures and habits linked to a higher or lower chance of dementia, and how strong each link is.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Comparative comorbidity burden in hospitalized primary Parkinson's disease and secondary parkinsonism: a cross-sectional study from Southwest China

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-09-09

The study evaluated 1,457 PD patients (1,050 primary; 407 secondary) alongside 2,100 matched non-PD controls. 5 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Carbonaceous Components Underlying Wildfire Smoke PM 2.5 -Associated Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in Older US Adults

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. medRxiv 2026-10-11

Wildfire smoke exposure is increasing across the U.S., but the long-term neurological effects of smoke-specific fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and its carbonaceous components remain uncertain. 4 key findings →

Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Triple-Omics Analysis Unveiled the Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Akkermansia muciniphila in an Environmental Exposure-Linked Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-10-07

These findings identify restoration of hippocampal transcript fate and splice-isoform selection as a mechanism potentially underlying A. muciniphila -mediated protection against Cd neurotoxicity, and establish post-transcriptional RNA regulation as a gut-brain target for mitigating environmentally driven neurotoxicity. 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Panel-Gene Transcriptomic Associations and Published-Variant Architecture in Parkinson Disease

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-09-22

Parkinson disease (PD) was examined in four primary adult-brain GEO cohorts (GSE49036, GSE20141, GSE8397, GSE7621) using a frozen 468-gene redox, metal, xenobiotic, and barrier panel. 1 key finding →

Design: meta-analysis Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Association between urban green space coverage and incident Alzheimer’s disease among older adults in metropolitan South Korea: a population-based retrospective cohort study

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-09-14

Higher UGS coverage was associated with a lower risk of incident AD among older adults in urban South Korea. 4 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 95,822 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Environmental Exposures and Brain Health Outcomes in Healthy Ageing: A Systematic Review

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. PsyArXiv 2026-08-27

Of 2,496 records screened, 26 studies met eligibility, comprising >84,000 older adults across 10 countries: United States, South Korea, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Sweden, Netherlands, Taiwan, Germany, and Japan. 4 key findings →

Design: systematic review Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

High-Content Screening Identifies Dithiocarbamates As A Class Of Chemicals That Disrupts TDP-43 Proteostasis

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-08-19

Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) aggregation and loss of function are hallmark features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) among other neurodegenerative diseases. 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Diesel exhaust particles disrupt mouse and human iPSC-derived microglial function and Amyloid-β clearance in Alzheimer’s disease models

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-07-23

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, yet the environmental drivers that accelerate its progression remain poorly defined. 2 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Association of Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure with Dementia-Related Neuropathologies at Autopsy in a Community-Based Cohort

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. medRxiv 2026-02-05

Higher exposure to PM 2.5 was associated with cerebral arteriolosclerosis and atherosclerosis at death, consistent with the known vascular toxicity of this pollutant. 5 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 909 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Mediation of the relationship between air pollution and dementia: A UK Biobank study

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. medRxiv 2026-02-22

Exposure to the highest quintile of PM 2·5 (Rte:1·14, 95% CI:1·06-1·23), NO x (Rte:1·11, 95% CI:1·03-1·20) or NO 2 (Rte:1·08, 95% CI:0·99-1·16), compared to the lowest quintile, was associated with higher dementia risk. 2 key findings →

Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Air Pollution, Health, and Economics: Evaluating the Impact of WHO targets and Guideline Values on Mortality and Morbidity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. medRxiv 2026-03-30

Direct medical and productivity-related costs associated with incident cases were estimated using a cost-of-illness (COI) framework. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Biopsychosocial risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in UK immigrants from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. medRxiv 2026-05-13

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region represents the area of greatest projected growth in instances of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRDs) globally, yet, it remains virtually uncharacterized in health studies of aging and ADRDs. 4 key findings →

Participants: 3,552 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Prenatal Pesticide Exposure and Early Alzheimer Disease-Related Biomarker and Cognitive Changes in Midlife

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. medRxiv 2026-05-17

In this prospective birth cohort study, prenatal exposure to a persistent environmental toxicant was associated with lower plasma Aβ42/40 ratio and worse cognitive performance in midlife, consistent with DDE accelerating the preclinical trajectory of AD-related biological changes decades before symptom onset. 5 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 179 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

Induction of ferroptotic and amyloidogenic signatures linked to Alzheimer’s disease by chemically distinct air pollutants

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-01-07

Air pollution (AirP) exposure is associated with increased Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk, yet AirP is chemically heterogeneous, complicating identification of shared pathogenic drivers. 2 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

The Potential Public Health Relevance of Social Isolation and Loneliness: Prevalence, Epidemiology, and Risk Factors

⚠ Report — not peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Public Policy & Aging Report 2017-01-01

News headlines from many nations, including the United States, Germany, Australia, and the United Kingdom, suggest that we are facing a loneliness epidemic (http://www.campaigntoendloneliness.org/loneliness-research, http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/germany-faces-epidemic-of-lonely-and-isolated-seniors-a-876635.html, https://startsat60.com/health/new-survey-reveals-australias-loneliness-epidemic, http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/tania-de-jong/loneliness-is-the-global-epidemic-of-our-times), leading to the important question of whether there is evidence to support such a claim and, if so, whether we are facing a public health crisis. 5 key findings →

Design: meta-analysis Participants: 300,000 Evidence: high

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

The Impact of Store-Based online Fulfilment on Grocery Retail Food Waste: An Empirical Analysis

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 15 out of 100. Not indexed 2026

Problem Definition: Grocery retailers increasingly fulfil online orders from existing stores rather than from dark stores (dedicated warehouses/fulfilment centers). 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

The Impact of Self-Store Image Congruency on Consumer Engagement and Store Attachment in the Grocery Retail Sector in Kuwait

⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 12 out of 100. Not indexed 2023

This study aims to test a model that investigates the impact of self-store image congruency on the in-store shopping experience in the context of grocery retail setting, which in turn, explain and predict different facets of consumer behavior, including consumer satisfaction, consumer engagement, and store attachment. 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 28,180 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 28,180 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (61.7% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.1%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,034 records (3.7% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed