Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Find studies

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Dissection of synaptic pathways through the CSF biomarkers for predicting Alzheimer disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 65 out of 100. Neurology 2020-06-25

All synaptic biomarkers tested had a good discriminatory power to distinguish patients with AD abnormal CSF from those with non-AD disorders. 4 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 81 Evidence: moderate

Our study indicates that changes in PVS-related MRI parameters occur in MCI and AD, possibly due to impairment of the glymphatic system. 3 key findings →

Participants: 36 Evidence: low

White matter lesions: Spatial heterogeneity, links to risk factors, cognition, genetics, and atrophy

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100. Neurology 2018-08-03

These results support the hypothesis that the appearance of WMH follows age and disease-dependent regional distribution patterns, potentially influenced by differential underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, and possibly with a differential link to vascular and neurodegenerative changes. 5 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 1,836 Evidence: moderate

Longitudinal fMRI in elderly reveals loss of hippocampal activation with clinical decline

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100. Neurology 2010-05-12

Longitudinal fMRI provides a reliable indicator of brain activation over time, and may prove useful in identifying functional brain changes associated with cognitive decline on the trajectory toward clinical Alzheimer disease. 3 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 21 Evidence: moderate

Statin therapy and risk of dementia in the elderly: a community-based prospective cohort study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100. Neurology 2004-11-01

Employing time-dependent proportional hazards modeling, the authors found no significant association between statin use and incident dementia or probable AD. 2 key findings →

Design: cohort study Participants: 312 Evidence: moderate

Relationship of regional brain β-amyloid to gait speed

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100. Neurology 2015-12-07

More research is needed to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying these regional associations, which may involve motor and sensorimotor circuits hitherto largely neglected in the pathophysiology of AD. 1 key finding →

Design: cross-sectional Evidence: low

Plasma beta-amyloid and white matter lesions in AD, MCI, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Neurology 2006-01-01

If confirmed in longitudinal studies, these data would suggest circulating beta-amyloid peptide as a novel biomarker or risk factor for microvascular damage in these common diseases of the elderly. 2 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 54 Evidence: moderate

Survival and mortality differences between dementia with Lewy bodies vs Alzheimer disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Neurology 2006-12-01

Patients with DLB had an increased risk of mortality vs patients with AD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.88, 95% CI: 1.4 to 2.5). 3 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 315 Evidence: moderate

Plasma apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease risk: the AIBL study of aging

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Neurology 2011-03-01

Analysis of cross-sectional data from the AIBL study indicates that plasma apoE levels are altered in AD and correlate with AD pathology level. 5 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 1,079 Evidence: moderate

APOE-[epsilon]2 allele associated with higher prevalence of sporadic Parkinson disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Neurology 2004-06-01

Unlike Alzheimer disease, for which the APOE-epsilon4 allele increases the prevalence and the APOE-epsilon2 allele is protective, the authors' analysis shows the APOE-epsilon2 allele, but not the APOE-epsilon4 allele, to be positively associated with sporadic Parkinson disease. 3 key findings →

Design: systematic review Evidence: high

Odor identification as a biomarker of preclinical AD in older adults at risk

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Neurology 2017-06-28

These findings from healthy high-risk older individuals suggest that OI reflects degree of preclinical AD pathology, while its relationships with age and cognition result from the association of these latter variables with such pathology. 3 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 101 Evidence: moderate

Cholesterol, APOE genotype, and Alzheimer disease: an epidemiologic study of Nigerian Yoruba

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Neurology 2006-01-01

There was a significant interaction between cholesterol, APOE-epsilon4, and the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) in the Yoruba, a population that has lower cholesterol levels and lower incidence rates of AD compared to African Americans. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 1,075 Evidence: moderate

Head injury and the risk of AD in the MIRAGE study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. Neurology 2000-03-01

Comparison of probands with their unaffected spouses yielded odds ratios for AD of 9.9 (95% CI, 6.5 to 15.1) for head injury with loss of consciousness and 3.1 (2.3 to 4.0) for head injury without loss of consciousness. 3 key findings →

Participants: 2,233 Evidence: low

Longitudinal changes in cognition and behavior in asymptomatic carriers of the APOE e4 allele

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. Neurology 2004-06-01

Memory declined in APOE e4 carriers before the symptomatic presentation of MCI in a cohort whose mean age was 60 years over a median period of 33 months. 1 key finding →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 212 Evidence: moderate

APOE genotype, cholesterol level, lipid-lowering treatment, and dementia: the Three-City Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. Neurology 2005-05-01

This observational study provides further evidence that lipid-lowering agents are associated with decreased risk of dementia, whereas hyperlipidemia is associated with increased odds for non-Alzheimer-disease-type dementia. 5 key findings →

Participants: 9,294 Evidence: moderate

Impaired insulin secretion increases the risk of Alzheimer disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 61 out of 100. Neurology 2008-04-09

In this longitudinal study, impaired acute insulin response at midlife was associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) up to 35 years later suggesting a causal link between insulin metabolism and the pathogenesis of AD. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 2,322 Evidence: moderate

Regions with Z -scores Results Patients with AD (n = 206) had a median of 12 outlier regions (out of a possible 148), with the highest proportion of outliers (47%) in the parahippocampal gyrus. 2 key findings →

Participants: 33,072 Evidence: low

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,380 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (60.6% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,032 records (3.8% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed