The pathophysiological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to begin many years before the diagnosis of AD dementia. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Free full text
70/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 70 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
2002-02-01
These results suggest that frequent participation in cognitively stimulating activities is associated with reduced risk of AD. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 111
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Full text may need a subscription
We have demonstrated that three baseline measures, namely, age >or=72 years, semantic fluency less than 20 words in 90 s and inability to copy an intersecting pentagons figure, are significant predictors of dementia risk, thus validating our previous findings. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 126
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Full text may need a subscription
Besides the MMSE, there are many other tests with comparable diagnostic performance for detecting dementia. 4 key findings →
Participants: 102
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Full text may need a subscription
This analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 showed that the increased incidence of mood and anxiety disorders was transient, with no overall excess of these diagnoses compared with other respiratory infections. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 47
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Free full text
81 participants with probable Alzheimer's disease and 69 healthy controls were assessed. 1 key finding →
Design: clinical trial
Participants: 81
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Full text may need a subscription
70/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 70 out of 100.
·
JAMA psychiatry
·
2017-07-01
Those reporting depressive symptoms in 1985 (mean follow-up, 27 years) did not have significantly increased risk for dementia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 0.95-1.54) in Cox regression adjusted for sociodemographic covariates, health behaviors, and chronic conditions. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 322
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Free full text
Elderly people taking anticholinergic drugs had significant deficits in cognitive functioning and were highly likely to be classified as mildly cognitively impaired, although not at increased risk for dementia. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 372
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Free full text
Abnormal aggregates of the synaptic protein, α-synuclein, are the dominant pathology in syndromes known as the synucleinopathies. 1 key finding →
Design: meta-analysis
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Full text may need a subscription
Of more than 50 articles identified, the overwhelming majority did not meet inclusion criteria, primarily because of lack of clear diagnoses of dementia and AD. 3 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 212
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Full text may need a subscription
Parietal cortex RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data were generated from individuals with and without Alzheimer disease (AD; n control = 13; n AD = 83) from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC). 3 key findings →
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Free full text
In older cognitively unimpaired individuals (≥50 years), widespread, age-related elevated tau signal was seen among those with normal or abnormal amyloid status as compared to younger cognitively unimpaired individuals (30-49 years). 4 key findings →
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Free full text
An increased plasma homocysteine level is a strong, independent risk factor for the development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. 3 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 1,092
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Free full text
Loneliness is associated with an increased risk of late-life dementia but not with its leading causes. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 76
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Full text may need a subscription
Non-pharmacological therapies, such as physical activity interventions, are an appealing alternative or add-on to current pharmacological treatment of cognitive symptoms in patients with dementia. 4 key findings →
Design: meta-analysis
Participants: 802
Evidence: high
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Full text may need a subscription
69/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 69 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2006-12-01
It has been assumed that each MCI subtype is associated with an increased risk for a particular type of dementia. 2 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Full text may need a subscription
69/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 69 out of 100.
·
JAMA neurology
·
2020-07-01
This study's findings suggest that PET imaging with [18F]flortaucipir could be used to identify the density and distribution of AD-type tau pathology and the presence of high levels of AD neuropathological change, supporting a neuropathological diagnosis of AD. 4 key findings →
Participants: 64
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Free full text
Benzodiazepine use is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. 3 key findings →
Design: case-control study
Participants: 1,796
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Free full text
Depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk of MCI, and this association was independent of underlying vascular disease. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 2,220
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Full text may need a subscription
When zero inflation was taken into account, between-site differences in disability scores were largely attributable to compositional differences in health and sociodemographic characteristics. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional
Participants: 15
Evidence: low
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Free full text
69/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 69 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
2008-03-01
Dementia is a key part of survival in Parkinson disease and must be planned for in services for this condition. 1 key finding →
Design: cohort study
Participants: 140
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Free full text
68/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 68 out of 100.
·
Neurology
·
1989-09-01
The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) has developed brief, comprehensive, and reliable batteries of clinical and neuropsychological tests for assessment of patients with the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). 5 key findings →
Participants: 350
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Full text may need a subscription
The study encompassed 284 cases with dementia and 1080 controls. 1 key finding →
Design: case-control study
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Full text may need a subscription
We have previously performed detailed clinical and neuropsychological assessments in a community-based cohort of patients with newly diagnosed parkinsonism, and through analysis of a subcohort with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), we have demonstrated that cognitive dysfunction occurs even at the time of PD diagnosis and is heterogeneous. 1 key finding →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 126
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Free full text
68/100
✓ Peer-reviewed
alzhub usefulness score 68 out of 100.
·
JAMA
·
1995-04-01
These data suggest the following: (1) patients with mild cognitive impairment can be clinically defined, (2) many members of this group progress to Alzheimer's disease, and (3) APOE epsilon 4 allele status appears to be a strong predictor of clinical progression. 2 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study
Participants: 66
Evidence: moderate
Full summary, score breakdown and related studies →
Original source
Full text may need a subscription
How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
- Journal tier up to 10 pts
- Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
- Study design up to 12 pts
- Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
- Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
- How recent up to 5 pts
- Sample size up to 4 pts
- Effect reported up to 3 pts
- Studied in people up to 3 pts
- Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
- Times cited up to 7 pts
- Citations per year up to 5 pts
- Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
- Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
- Still being cited up to 4 pts
- Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
- Institution's track record up to 3 pts
- Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
- Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
- Free to read up to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 27,780 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.