You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.
Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline800-272-390024 hours a day, 365 days a yearFree, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline98824/7Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline866-232-84849:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a weekLicensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat.Text: 646-586-5283
In a medical emergency, call 911.
More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.
Research
28,180 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.
Find studies
Showing 2,051–2,075 of 2,594 studies in Biomarkers(page 83 of 104)· 28,180 in the whole library·How the 0–100 score works
Download bibliography of the first 500 of these studies, in this order: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)
From OpenAlex; 13,658 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.
What “Biomarkers” covers
Biomarkers — Measurable signals in blood, brain scans or spinal fluid that can indicate Alzheimer's changes.
A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.
We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.
Synaptic neurodegeneration is thought to be an early event initiated by soluble β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates that closely correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease (AD). 1 key finding →
✓ Peer-reviewedalzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100.·PET clinics·2023-01-01
Brain PET adds value in diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders, especially frontotemporal dementia (FTD) due to its syndromic presentation that overlaps with a variety of other neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. 18F-FDG-PET has improved sensitivity and specificity compared with structural MR imaging, with optimal diagnostic results achieved when both techniques are utilized. 2 key findings →
✓ Peer-reviewedalzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100.·Frontiers in medicine·2021-11-26
Successful back-translating clinical biomarkers and molecular imaging methods of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including positron emission tomography (PET), are very valuable for the evaluation of new therapeutic strategies and increase the quality of preclinical studies. 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET and 18 F-Florbetaben-PET are clinically established biomarkers capturing two key pathological features of AD. 3 key findings →
✓ Peer-reviewedalzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100.·Radiology·2023-01-31
In the 2-month-old mice, sonobiopsy significantly increased the normalized levels of plasma p-tau species compared with the conventional blood-based liquid biopsy (p-tau-181-to-mouse tau [m-tau] ratio: 1.7-fold increase, P = .006; p-tau-231-to-m-tau ratio: 1.4-fold increase, P = .048). 1 key finding →
Alzheimer disease (AD) diagnosis is confirmed using a medley of modalities, such as the detection of amyloid-β (Aβ) neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles with positron electron tomography (PET) or the appraisal of irregularities in cognitive function with examinations. 3 key findings →
Alzheimer disease plasma biomarkers have emerged as minimally invasive, cost-effective tools for early diagnosis and disease monitoring yet their stability under common "real world" pre-analytical conditions remains incompletely characterized. 3 key findings →
We have successfully generated specific high affinity monoclonal antibodies against p -Tau217, p -Tau205, and N-terminus GFAP and have confirmed that these antibodies have the necessary specificity and sensitivity for the Simoa platform. 2 key findings →
✓ Peer-reviewedalzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100.·Neurobiology of aging·2019-08-07
In the present study, a novel mutation in the presenilin 1 gene was discovered in an Iraq-native patient with early-onset Alzheimer's disease, who presented with speech impairment and memory decline at age 46 years. 4 key findings →
The number of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other types of dementia disorders has drastically increased over the last decades. 5 key findings →
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques containing the amyloid β-protein (Aβ) within the parenchyma of the brain. 4 key findings →
✓ Peer-reviewedalzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100.·Scientific reports·2019-03-29
Cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein's (APP) transmembrane domain (TMD) by γ-secretase is a crucial step in the aetiology of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). 5 key findings →
Previous studies on blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease suggest a less invasive blood test might be a valuable screening tool for Alzheimer-specific pathology. 1 key finding →
Innovations in cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) have led to high-quality structures of important proteins such as the ribosome and γ-secretase, the membrane protease that produces Aβ involved in Alzheimer's disease. 5 key findings →
✓ Peer-reviewedalzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100.·Neuroscience·2018-01-11
Anomalous neuronal accumulation of Aβ peptides was shown to affect synaptic transmission and contribute to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. 3 key findings →
✓ Peer-reviewedalzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100.·Scientific reports·2017-12-07
Familial mutations in C99 can increase the total level of the soluble Aβ peptides produced by proteolysis, as well as the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, both of which are linked to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. 2 key findings →
Ever since the discovery of APOEɛ4 around 25 years ago, researchers have been excited about the potential of a blood test for Alzheimer's disease (AD). 5 key findings →
To elucidate an involvement of amyloid dysmetabolism in the pathophysiology of depression, we investigated associations of plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels with Alzheimer's disease-related changes in neuroimaging and cognitive dysfunction in patients with late-life depression. 2 key findings →
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by progressive cognitive decline, is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. 4 key findings →
A plethora of dynamic pathophysiological mechanisms underpins highly heterogeneous phenotypes in the field of dementia, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). 5 key findings →
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label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled.
Show only studies that are free to read
How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor,
and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a
scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the
difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself,
so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
Journal tierup to 10 pts
Journal's citation recordup to 4 pts
Study designup to 12 pts
Strength of evidenceup to 5 pts
Peer-review validationup to 10 pts
How recentup to 5 pts
Sample sizeup to 4 pts
Effect reportedup to 3 pts
Studied in peopleup to 3 pts
Randomised / blindedup to 2 pts
Times citedup to 7 pts
Citations per yearup to 5 pts
Impact for its field and yearup to 6 pts
Cited by studies hereup to 6 pts
Still being citedup to 4 pts
Senior author's track recordup to 4 pts
Institution's track recordup to 3 pts
Multi-centre collaborationup to 3 pts
Indexed in PubMedup to 2 pts
Free to readup to 2 pts
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we
could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be
worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science,
Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed
journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the
tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a
missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores
zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and
the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed
article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or
a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not
work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by
that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is
reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out →
— four charts covering all 28,180 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap
bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on
stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.
What this library is — and isn't
This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of
it. It holds 28,180 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC
(61.7% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.1%),
plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here,
that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.
1,034 records (3.7% of the
library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any
journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card
on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a
peer-reviewed article.