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Research

28,580 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 1–21 of 21 studies by Markesbery WR with an author at University of Kentucky (US) · 28,580 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Download bibliography of these 21 studies, in this order: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Subjects

Other authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Other institutions

From OpenAlex; 14,058 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Evidence of increased oxidative damage in subjects with mild cognitive impairment

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. Neurology 2005-04-01

Oxidative damage occurs in the brain of subjects with mild cognitive impairment, suggesting that oxidative damage may be one of the earliest events in the onset and progression of Alzheimer disease. 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Defective DNA base excision repair in brain from individuals with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. Nucleic acids research 2007-08-17

Oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and increased oxidative DNA damage has been observed in brain tissue from AD patients. 3 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Lipid peroxidation in aging brain and Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Free radical biology & medicine 2002-09-01

Lipid peroxidation is one of the major outcomes of free radical-mediated injury that directly damages membranes and generates a number of secondary products, both from fission and endocyclization of oxygenated fatty acids that possess neurotoxic activity. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Oxidative modification and down-regulation of Pin1 in Alzheimer's disease hippocampus: A redox proteomics analysis

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Neurobiology of aging 2005-06-13

Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized neuropathologically by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and of extracellular senile plaques (SP), the central core of which is amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP), a transmembrane protein. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

TDP-43 in the ubiquitin pathology of frontotemporal dementia with VCP gene mutations

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 49 out of 100. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology 2007-02-01

Frontotemporal dementia with inclusion body myopathy and Paget disease of bone is a rare, autosomal-dominant disorder caused by mutations in the gene valosin-containing protein (VCP). 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Redox proteomics identification of oxidatively modified hippocampal proteins in mild cognitive impairment: insights into the development of Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100. Neurobiology of disease 2006-02-08

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is generally referred to the transitional zone between normal cognitive function and early dementia or clinically probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and acrolein, neurotoxic markers of lipid peroxidation, in the brain in Mild Cognitive Impairment and early Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 46 out of 100. Neurobiology of aging 2005-07-01

Previous studies show increased levels of lipid peroxidation and neurotoxic by-products of lipid peroxidation including 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and acrolein in vulnerable regions of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Redox proteomic identification of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified brain proteins in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: insight into the role of lipid peroxidation in the progression and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 46 out of 100. Neurobiology of disease 2008-01-05

Numerous investigations point to the importance of oxidative imbalance in mediating AD pathogenesis. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Elevated levels of 3-nitrotyrosine in brain from subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: implications for the role of nitration in the progression of Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 46 out of 100. Brain research 2007-03-07

A number of studies reported that oxidative and nitrosative damage may be important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Neuropathologic alterations in mild cognitive impairment: a review

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2010-01-01

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the earliest clinically detectable phase of the trajectory toward dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), led to the need for even earlier detection and prevention of AD. 2 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Proteomic identification of HNE-bound proteins in early Alzheimer disease: Insights into the role of lipid peroxidation in the progression of AD

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Brain research 2009-04-15

Early Alzheimer's disease (EAD) is the intermediary stage between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and late-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Distribution of reducible 4-hydroxynonenal adduct immunoreactivity in Alzheimer disease is associated with APOE genotype

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 42 out of 100. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology 1998-05-01

Two major risk factors for late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD), a leading cause of dementia worldwide, are increasing age and inheritance of the epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4). 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 28,580 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 28,580 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (62.2% of the library) and OpenAlex (17.8%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,034 records (3.6% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed