Research

Linking detailed HCAP cognitive assessments to the wealth of available longitudinal HRS data on cognition, health, biomarkers, genetics, health care utilization, informal care, and economic resources and behavior will provide unique and expanded opportunities to study cognitive impairment and dementia in a nationally representative US population-based sample. 5 key findings →

• Diagnosis

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 3,496 Evidence: moderate

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T-tau, NfL, GFAP, and YKL-40 discriminated between diagnostic groups (receiver operating curve: 0.647-0.873). 5 key findings →

• Biomarkers
• Health Equity

Participants: 1,193 Evidence: moderate

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The Panama Aging Research Initiative is a cohort study of 423 adults aged ≥65 years recruited from an outpatient geriatric department of Panama's largest public hospital, the Social Security Fund's Dr Arnulfo Arias Madrid Hospital Complex (Complejo Hospitalario Dr Arnulfo Arias Madrid de la Caja de Seguro Social). 5 key findings →

• Biomarkers
• Genetics

Design: cohort study Participants: 423 Evidence: moderate

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In cross-sectional analyses at baseline, there was no association between DNAm age acceleration and cognitive function scores. 5 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 266 Evidence: moderate

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In the SoUth Korean study to PrEvent cognitive impaiRment and protect BRAIN health through lifestyle intervention in at-risk elderly people (SUPERBRAIN), we evaluated the impact of multidomain lifestyle intervention on regional homogeneity (ReHo) in resting-state functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. 2 key findings →

• Brain Scans
• Lifestyle

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 56 Evidence: moderate

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Two distinct literacy profiles emerged. The first group (N=121, 44%) had higher level of literacy at baseline, slower decline and less variabilities over time. 5 key findings →

• Brain Biology

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 121 Evidence: moderate

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By wave, compared with those who remained in the LBC1921 study at Waves 1 to 5, participants who dropped out had: significantly lower older-age IQ scores at Wave 1 Wave 2 = and Wave 3 = lower scores at Waves and at Waves 1 = and 2 = By wave, compared with those who remained in the LBC1936 study at Waves 1 to participants who dropped out had: significantly lower older-age IQ scores at Wave 1 Wave 2 = and Wave 3 = lower scores at Wave 1 = Wave 2 and Wave 3 = lower at Wave 1 = Wave 2 = and Wave 3 and lower physical as at Wave 1 Wave 2 = and Wave 3 = and at Wave 1 = at each wave in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 are mean and standard for and for each wave sample = Wave 1 = Waves 1 and 2 = Waves 2 and 3 = Waves IQ from Moray House Test for age in at time of testing and to IQ is the was from to from the in 1 and at Wave 1. as of from the Wave 2 two participants who not Wave 1. 1 key finding →

• Genetics

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 87 Evidence: moderate

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A+/High-EA individuals exhibited slower cognitive decline in global cognition and language domains than A+/Low-EA individuals. 5 key findings →

• Brain Biology

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

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In weighted models, greater loneliness was associated with microinfarcts, lower episodic and working memory in the absence of AD pathology, lower working memory in the absence of infarcts, a stronger association of infarcts with lower episodic memory, and a stronger association of microinfarcts with lower working and semantic memory. 5 key findings →

• Lifestyle

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 680 Evidence: low

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These results indicate that declines in connected speech may be related to preclinical AD. 3 key findings →

• Early Stage
• Brain Biology

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

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In this population-based longitudinal study, carotid IMT was associated with a higher risk of developing cognitive impairment during the 10-year follow-up, and was associated with poorer performance in a test of executive function 10 years later. 5 key findings →

• Risk Factors
• Diagnosis

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 1,651 Evidence: moderate

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ObjectivesIdentifying modifiable factors that shape cognitive aging trajectories is a central goal in aging research. 5 key findings →

• Health Equity

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 4,140 Evidence: moderate

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The development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) later in life may be reflective of environmental factors operating over the course of a lifetime. 3 key findings →

Design: case-control study Participants: 193 Evidence: moderate

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Participants with faster DunedinPACE had poorer cognitive functioning at baseline and experienced more rapid cognitive decline over follow-up. 5 key findings →

Participants: 2,296 Evidence: moderate

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Greater educational attainment and mental activity were associated with higher composite SPPB scores and those of its three subtests (p < 0.05). 5 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 4,714 Evidence: low

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An increased incidence of mild cognitive impairment was observed in community-dwelling elderly adults who had nonpsychotic psychiatric symptoms at baseline. 3 key findings →

• Early Stage
• Risk Factors

Design: cohort study Participants: 365 Evidence: moderate

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It is unclear how or whether oral health and cognitive status are related. 2 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Evidence: moderate

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Increasing frailty is associated with incident AD and the rate of cognitive decline in older persons. 5 key findings →

• Risk Factors

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 823 Evidence: moderate

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Incident stroke was associated with an acute decline in cognitive function and also accelerated and persistent cognitive decline over 6 years. 5 key findings →

Participants: 2,003 Evidence: moderate

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Regular musical activity as a complex multimodal lifestyle activity is proposed to be protective against age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. 2 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 70 Evidence: moderate

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Previous studies have demonstrated resilience to AD-related neuropathology in a form of cognitive reserve (CR). 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

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Blacks and Hispanics were more prone to falsely positive perceptions of their cognitive function in the presence of cognitive impairment than non-Hispanic Whites. 3 key findings →

• Health Equity

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 3,096 Evidence: low

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Later birth year was associated with higher initial cognitive levels for Whites and Blacks, but not Hispanics. 5 key findings →

• Health Equity

Design: cohort study Evidence: moderate

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Compared with food secure older adults, those reporting food insecurity experienced worsened cognitive functioning over time (B = -0.63, p < .001), and they were more likely to have onset of cognitive impairment (OR= 1.46, p < .001) in the 6-y observation. 5 key findings →

• Health Equity

Participants: 6,638 Evidence: low

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Positive associations between self-efficacy and language did not significantly differ across race/ethnicity, although the bivariate association between self-efficacy and language was not significant among Hispanics. 5 key findings →

• Health Equity

Design: cross-sectional Participants: 548 Evidence: moderate

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