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Research

27,380 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 1–25 of 26 studies by Fagan AM (page 1 of 2) · 27,380 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Showing 26 studies tagged cerebrospinal — clear

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Subjects

Other authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Institutions

From OpenAlex; 12,859 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Cerebrospinal fluid tau/beta-amyloid(42) ratio as a prediction of cognitive decline in nondemented older adults

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 67 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2007-01-08

The very mildest symptomatic stage of AD exhibits the same CSF biomarker phenotype as more advanced AD. 1 key finding →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 139 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Amyloid imaging and CSF biomarkers in predicting cognitive impairment up to 7.5 years later

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100. Neurology 2013-04-10

Abnormal levels of all biomarkers were associated with faster time to cognitive impairment, and some participants with abnormal biomarker levels remained cognitively normal for up to 6.6 years. 2 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 201 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Longitudinal change in CSF biomarkers in autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100. Science translational medicine 2014-03-01

Clinicopathological evidence suggests that the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) begins many years before the appearance of cognitive symptoms. 3 key findings →

Design: cross-sectional Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and rate of cognitive decline in very mild dementia of the Alzheimer type

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2009-05-01

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Abeta peptide 1-42 (Abeta 42), tau, and phosphorylated tau (ptau) are potential biomarkers of Alzheimer disease. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 49 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers of Neurodegeneration and Rates of Brain Atrophy in Early Alzheimer Disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100. JAMA neurology 2015-06-01

Measures of neuronal loss are likely good surrogates for clinical and radiological disease progression in Alzheimer disease (AD). 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 23 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Racial differences in longitudinal Alzheimer's disease biomarkers among cognitively normal adults

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 58 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2022-02-25

Longitudinal racial differences in amyloid biomarkers are observed. 1 key finding →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 179 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Mood Changes in Cognitively Normal Older Adults are Linked to Alzheimer Disease Biomarker Levels

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 58 out of 100. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 2016-04-19

Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) at Washington University (WU). 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 118 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Visinin-like protein-1: diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in Alzheimer disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Annals of neurology 2011-08-01

These findings suggest that CSF VILIP-1 and VILIP-1/Aβ42 offer diagnostic utility for early AD, and can predict future cognitive impairment in cognitively normal individuals similarly to tau and tau/Aβ42, respectively. 3 key findings →

Participants: 211 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Comparison of analytical platforms for cerebrospinal fluid measures of β-amyloid 1-42, total tau, and p-tau181 for identifying Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque pathology

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 56 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2011-05-09

The INNOTEST and INNO-BIA CSF platforms perform equally well in identifying individuals with underlying amyloid plaque pathology. 2 key findings →

Participants: 103 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Clinical utility of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2014-05-03

Several potential disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have failed to show any effect on disease progression in clinical trials, conceivably because the AD subjects are already too advanced to derive clinical benefit from treatment and because diagnosis based on clinical criteria alone introduces a high misdiagnosis rate. 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Simultaneously evaluating the effect of baseline levels and longitudinal changes in disease biomarkers on cognition in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) 2018-12-07

This study suggests that the baseline value of amyloid PET and CSF Aβ 42 measures may be useful for screening participants for AD trials; however, brain hippocampus atrophy and hypometabolism are only useful as repeated longitudinal assessments for tracking cognition and disease progression. 3 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 262 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Longitudinal Relationships of White Matter Hyperintensities and Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers Across the Adult Life Span

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100. Neurology 2023-05-18

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) correlate with Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarkers cross-sectionally and modulate AD pathogenesis. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Absence of Pittsburgh compound B detection of cerebral amyloid beta in a patient with clinical, cognitive, and cerebrospinal fluid markers of Alzheimer disease: a case report

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Archives of neurology 2009-12-01

Clinical, cognitive, and CSF markers consistent with AD may precede detection of cerebral amyloid beta using amyloid imaging agents such as PiB that primarily label fibrillar amyloid beta plaques. 2 key findings →

Design: case report Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Physical Exercise and Longitudinal Trajectories in Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Cognitive Functioning

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders 2020-07-01

Associations of physical exercise with Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarkers and cognitive functioning have been observed cross-sectionally. 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Participants: 181 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Cognitively normal APOE ε4 carriers have specific elevation of CSF SNAP-25

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 46 out of 100. Neurobiology of aging 2021-02-11

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and neurogranin (Ng) are recently described biomarkers for pre- and postsynaptic integrity known to be elevated in symptomatic Alzheimer disease (AD). 2 key findings →

Participants: 274 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Cerebrospinal fluid proteins predict longitudinal hippocampal degeneration in early-stage dementia of the Alzheimer type

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 46 out of 100. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders 2012-10-01

Biomarkers are needed to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosis, and also prognosis, in individuals with early Alzheimer disease (AD). 4 key findings →

Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Neurofilament Light Predicts Decline in Attention but Not Episodic Memory in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2020-01-01

These findings suggest that NfL can be used to monitor cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer's disease and that an attentional control composite may be a better outcome for tracking general neurodegenerative effects on cognition. 3 key findings →

Participants: 255 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomised / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multi-centre collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 27,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 27,380 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (60.6% of the library) and OpenAlex (18.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,032 records (3.8% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 962 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed