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Research

31,380 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.

Find studies

Showing 51–75 of 82 studies in Disparities · tagged Diagnosis (page 3 of 4) · 31,380 in the whole library · How the 0–100 score works

Download bibliography of these 82 studies, in this order: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)

Browse by subject, author or institution

Each number is how many studies that link shows, with your other filters kept.

Other subjects

Authors

Names as each record prints them; the same person can appear under two spellings.

Institutions

From OpenAlex; 16,851 studies have no institution on record and are not counted here.

What “Disparities” covers

Disparities — Differences in dementia risk, diagnosis and care across race, ethnicity, income, geography and sex.

A note on reading research. One study is rarely the final word.

We try to note the size of a study, whether it was in humans or animals, and how early-stage the finding is. If a summary here doesn't make that clear, treat it with extra caution and check the original source.

Correlates of Mini-Mental Status Examination scores among elderly demented patients: the influence of race-ethnicity

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Journal of clinical epidemiology 1994-12-01

Data on 1888 patients seen at Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers in California were used to examine possible differences in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) results for different racial-ethnic groups. 2 key findings →

Participants: 1,888 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Age of dementia diagnosis in community dwelling bilingual and monolingual Hispanic Americans

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior 2014-12-19

Bilingualism has been reported to delay the age of retrospective report of first symptom in dementia. 4 key findings →

Participants: 1,789 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Epidemiology of do-not-resuscitate orders. Disparity by age, diagnosis, gender, race, and functional impairment

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Archives of internal medicine 1995-10-01

Sickness at admission and functional impairment do not explain the increase in DNR orders with age or the disparity across diagnosis. 1 key finding →

Participants: 14,008 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Instrumental activities of daily living scale for dementia screening in elderly people

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. International psychogeriatrics 2005-09-01

The IADL-E is a reliable, sensitive and responsive scale of functional abilities useful in dementia screening in a socioculturally heterogeneous population. 2 key findings →

Participants: 240 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Can annual wellness visits reduce disparity in early dementia diagnosis?

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring 2025-04-01

Medicare beneficiaries who received an AWV were 13% to 21% more likely than those without an AWV to be diagnosed at MCI stage versus ADRD stage. 5 key findings →

Design: case-control study Participants: 100 Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

African American, Chinese, and Latino family caregivers' impressions of the onset and diagnosis of dementia: cross-cultural similarities and differences

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. The Gerontologist 2005-12-01

All participants conveyed striking similarities of thought about normalization of cognitive symptoms until one critical event, usually relocation, precipitated family awareness that an elder's behavior was not the result of "normal aging." 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Item bias in cognitive screening measures: comparisons of elderly white, Afro-American, Hispanic and high and low education subgroups

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Journal of clinical epidemiology 1995-04-01

A study of item bias in standard cognitive screening measures was conducted in a sample of Afro-American, Hispanic and non-Hispanic white elderly respondents who were part of a dementia case registry study. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Normative data for 8 neuropsychological tests in older blacks and whites from the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders 2015-01-01

Accurate assessment of cognitive impairment requires comparison of cognitive performance in individuals to performance in a comparable healthy normative population. 5 key findings →

Evidence: moderate

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

[The Mini-Mental State Examination as a selected diagnostic test for dementia: a Colombian population study. GENECO]

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Revista de neurologia 2000-03-01

Twelve cases of dementia were diagnosed among individuals with scores below cutoff point and one among subjects with high scores. 2 key findings →

Design: clinical trial Participants: 1,611 Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Cognitive test performance in a community-based nondemented elderly sample in rural India: the Indo-U.S. Cross-National Dementia Epidemiology Study

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. International psychogeriatrics 1996-01-01

Interpretation of cognitive test performance among individuals from a given population requires an understanding of cognitive norms in that population. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

To tell or not to tell-comparison of older patients' reaction to their diagnosis of dementia and depression

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. International journal of geriatric psychiatry 2001-09-01

There was no significant difference between patients with dementia or depression in their wish to know their diagnosis. 4 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Length of Life after Dementia Diagnosis: an 18-Year Follow-up Study of Medicare Beneficiaries

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Lancet regional health. Americas 2022-01-08

Hispanics and Asians diagnosed with dementia had 40% lower mortality risk and African Americans had 13% lower mortality risk than Whites. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

National General Health Screening Program in Korea: history, current status, and future direction

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Precision and Future Medicine 2022-02-23

Health screening is an important component of health promotion programs, and countries have promoted general health screening targeting the prevention and early management of common chronic diseases. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source

The association of education and socioeconomic status with the Mini Mental State Examination and the clinical diagnosis of dementia in elderly people

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Age and ageing 1990-03-01

The distribution of scores in the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) of women aged 70-79 years from a rural area of Cambridgeshire is reported. 2 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Performance validity testing in neuropsychology: a clinical guide, critical review, and update on a rapidly evolving literature

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. The Clinical neuropsychologist 2017-11-28

PVTs provide valuable information regarding response bias and, under the right circumstances, can provide excellent evidence of response bias. 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Predictors of mortality among nursing home residents with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 2002-04-01

Age, sex, functional and cognitive impairment and the diagnosis of pneumonia or congestive heart failure were the strongest predictors of death. 1 key finding →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

Pathways to dementia diagnosis: evidence for cross-ethnic differences

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders 2004-07-01

Help-seeking was most often initiated by family members or formal care providers (ie, healthcare providers or social workers), usually in outpatient primary care settings but also elsewhere (eg, social service agencies, hospitals). 2 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

General practitioners' experiences and understandings of diagnosing dementia: factors impacting on early diagnosis

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 38 out of 100. Social science & medicine (1982) 2008-10-20

This article reports findings from three linked qualitative research projects that explored how Australian general practitioners (GPs) spoke about their experiences in diagnosing dementia and their views on early diagnosis and barriers towards early diagnosis. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Free full text

Rural practitioners' experiences in dementia diagnosis and treatment

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 37 out of 100. Aging & mental health 2004-09-01

When diagnosis of dementia occurs earlier in the disease process, more time is available for treatment aimed at maintaining patient function and delaying decline, and for family education about the disease and its management. 5 key findings →

Evidence: low

Full summary, score breakdown and related studies → Original source Full text may need a subscription

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Where “Free full text” comes from

Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read

How the 0–100 score works — and why some entries are capped

This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.

  • Journal tier up to 10 pts
  • Journal's citation record up to 4 pts
  • Study design up to 12 pts
  • Strength of evidence up to 5 pts
  • Peer-review validation up to 10 pts
  • How recent up to 5 pts
  • Sample size up to 4 pts
  • Effect reported up to 3 pts
  • Studied in people up to 3 pts
  • Randomized / blinded up to 2 pts
  • Times cited up to 7 pts
  • Citations per year up to 5 pts
  • Impact for its field and year up to 6 pts
  • Cited by studies here up to 6 pts
  • Still being cited up to 4 pts
  • Senior author's track record up to 4 pts
  • Institution's track record up to 3 pts
  • Multicenter collaboration up to 3 pts
  • Indexed in PubMed up to 2 pts
  • Free to read up to 2 pts

Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.

Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.

We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.

The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.

See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 31,380 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.

What this library is — and isn't

This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 31,380 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (65.6% of the library) and OpenAlex (16.2%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.

1,048 records (3.3% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 973 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.

See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →

Newest studies, as a dated timeline →    Atom feed    Where this research is being discussed: events