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Traumatic Brain Injury Increases Risk of Psychiatric Disorders Following Neurological Disease: Evidence from the UK Biobank Cohort
Revill G, Poole N, Carlisi C, David AS, Bell V.. medRxiv, 2026-07-06
Topic: Brain imaging, connectivity and assessment
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in older adults and frequently co-occurs with neurological conditions such as dementia, stroke, and Parkinson’s disease. Both TBI and neurological disease independently increase vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, yet the long-term impact of lifetime TBI exposure on mental health outcomes within these neurological populations remains poorly understood. Methods Using data from the UK Biobank cohort (N = 502,154), we examined associations between TBI and subsequent psychiatric diagnoses in individuals diagnosed with dementia, stroke, or Parkinson’s disease. Participants were assigned to one of four exposure groups (no TBI and no neurological disease, TBI only, neurological disease only, TBI plus neurological disease), and mixed-effects logistic regression estimated psychiatric risk across these groups and within each neurological condition. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models assessed 10-year cumulative risk. All analyses were adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors. Results The combined presence of TBI and neurological disease produced the greatest psychiatric risk, exceeding that observed for either condition alone. Across dementia, stroke, and Parkinson’s disease, TBI most reliably increased the odds of mood disorders, while associations for anxiety were less consistent. Ten-year cumulative incidence analyses demonstrated higher risk of mood and overall mental health disorders across all three neurological cohorts. Conclusions Lifetime TBI exposure is associated with increased likelihood and long-term risk of psychiatric disorders in individuals with dementia, stroke, and Parkinson’s disease, with mood disorders being the most consistent outcome across conditions. These findings highlight the importance of recognising TBI history when assessing and managing psychiatric risk in ageing neurological populations and underscore the need for integrated clinical pathways that address both neurological and mental health needs.
Key findings
- Results The combined presence of TBI and neurological disease produced the greatest psychiatric risk, exceeding that observed for either condition alone.
- Ten-year cumulative incidence analyses demonstrated higher risk of mood and overall mental health disorders across all three neurological cohorts.
- Conclusions Lifetime TBI exposure is associated with increased likelihood and long-term risk of psychiatric disorders in individuals with dementia, stroke, and Parkinson’s disease, with mood disorders being the most consistent outcome across conditions.
- These findings highlight the importance of recognising TBI history when assessing and managing psychiatric risk in ageing neurological populations and underscore the need for integrated clinical pathways that address both neurological and mental health needs.
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Study details
- Participants502,154
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 16/100
Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed. It scored 35 on the same rubric, but non-peer-reviewed sources are capped at 16, so it shows as 16. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 22 of the 62 points we could judge it on, which is 35 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 2 / 10 | Tier 4 — not a peer-reviewed journal (medRxiv) |
| Journal's citation record | 0 / 4 | Not a journal article, so the journal's record does not count |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 4 / 10 | Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed. Hosted on a preprint server. |
| How recent | 5 / 5 | 2026 — within 1 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 4 / 4 | 502,154 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 1 / 2 | Not in PubMed, but has a DOI |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 22 / 62 | Scored on 12 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 22 of the 62 points we could judge it on is 35 out of 100. |
| Total | 35 / 100 | Capped to 16 because this is not a peer-reviewed article. |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Revill, G., Poole, N., Carlisi, C., David, A. S., & Bell, V. (2026). Traumatic Brain Injury Increases Risk of Psychiatric Disorders Following Neurological Disease: Evidence from the UK Biobank Cohort. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.02.26357128
Vancouver
Revill G, Poole N, Carlisi C, David AS, Bell V. Traumatic Brain Injury Increases Risk of Psychiatric Disorders Following Neurological Disease: Evidence from the UK Biobank Cohort. medRxiv. 2026. doi:10.64898/2026.07.02.26357128.
BibTeX
@article{revill2026-5e350179,
author = {Revill, G. and Poole, N. and Carlisi, C. and David, A. S. and Bell, V.},
title = {{Traumatic Brain Injury Increases Risk of Psychiatric Disorders Following Neurological Disease: Evidence from the UK Biobank Cohort}},
journal = {medRxiv},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.64898/2026.07.02.26357128},
url = {https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.02.26357128}
}
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