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Primary antiphospholipid syndrome: functional outcome after 10 years
Erkan D, Yazici Y, Sobel R, Lockshin MD.. The Journal of rheumatology, 2000-12-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
Objective To analyze the 10 year functional outcome of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Methods We identified 39 patients with primary APS (35 female, 4 male) who developed a first thrombotic or pregnancy event before 1990. Patients meeting American College of Rheumatology criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus or other connective tissue disorders (secondary APS) were excluded. Medical records were reviewed for detailed histories and functional outcomes. Results At 10 years' followup, 15 patients (38.4%) had organ damage in the form of hemiparesis (n = 8), dementia (n = 3), quadriplegia (n = 1), dilated cardiomyopathy-myocardial infarction (n = 1), vascular insufficiency-massive pulmonary infarction (n = 1), and endstage renal disease (n = 1). Eight patients (20.5%) with organ damage were unable to perform everyday activities important to their quality of life (functionally impaired). Causes of functional impairment were cognitive dysfunction (n = 3), cardiovascular disease (New York Heart Association Functional Classification Class IV) (n = 2), aphasia (n = 1), expressive aphasia (n = 1), and locked-in syndrome (n = 1). Conclusion Functional prognosis is poor in an important minority of primary APS patients with > 10 years of disease. One-third of primary APS patients had organ damage and one-fifth were functionally impaired.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Erkan, D., Yazici, Y., Sobel, R., & Lockshin, M. D. (2000). Primary antiphospholipid syndrome: functional outcome after 10 years. The Journal of rheumatology.
Vancouver
Erkan D, Yazici Y, Sobel R, Lockshin MD. Primary antiphospholipid syndrome: functional outcome after 10 years. The Journal of rheumatology. 2000. PMID: 11128669.
BibTeX
@article{erkan2000-11128669,
author = {Erkan, D. and Yazici, Y. and Sobel, R. and Lockshin, M. D.},
title = {{Primary antiphospholipid syndrome: functional outcome after 10 years}},
journal = {The Journal of rheumatology},
year = {2000},
pmid = {11128669}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. This record has no DOI, so the citation leaves it out. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Results At 10 years' followup, 15 patients (38.4%) had organ damage in the form of hemiparesis (n = 8), dementia (n = 3), quadriplegia (n = 1), dilated cardiomyopathy-myocardial infarction (n = 1), vascular insufficiency-massive pulmonary infarction (n = 1), and endstage renal disease (n = 1).
Why it matters
This study followed 39 patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome for 10 years and found that 15 had organ damage, including 3 with dementia. It is a small observational study of one autoimmune condition, not evidence about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Study details
- Participants39
- Effect size38.4%; 20.5%
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 45/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, so that was left out: it earned 43 of the 96 points we could judge it on, which is 45 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (The Journal of rheumatology) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2000 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 1 / 4 | 39 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 4 / 7 | Cited 89 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 2 / 5 | 3.2 citations a year over 28 year(s) since 2000 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 4.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 4 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Michael D. Lockshin: h-index 71 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | Cornell University: institution h-index 1,649 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 3 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 11128669) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 43 / 96 | Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 43 of the 96 points we could judge it on is 45 out of 100. |
| Total | 45 / 100 | — |
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