Presenilin 1 M139I mutation regulates the microRNA-34a-mediated neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 signaling pathway in an early-onset Alzheimer disease cell model

Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models

Plain-language summary

Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutations are the leading cause of early-onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD). A recent study found that the PSEN1 M139I mutation is associated with EOAD. In this study, we examined the impact of the PSEN1 M139I mutation in an EOAD in vitro model. Our findings reveal that the PSEN1 M139I mutation leads to increased levels of Aβ42/40, Hairy and Enhancer of Split-1 (Hes1), neurogenic locus notch homolog intracellular domain, and microRNA-34a, accompanied by a decrease in the level of neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (NOTCH-1). Computational predictions indicate that NOTCH-1 is a direct target of microRNA-34a. Transfection of microRNA-34a mimics into PSEN1 M139I mutant SH-SY5Y cells increased the ratio of Aβ42/40 and induced Hes1, cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (Caspase-3), and apoptosis while reducing the NOTCH-1 expression and inhibiting cell proliferation. Conversely, downregulating microRNA-34a expression by transfecting microRNA-34a inhibitors mitigated these effects, thereby restoring NOTCH-1 production and cell proliferation and reversing the increases in Aβ42/40 ratio, Hes1, Caspase-3, and apoptosis induced by the PSEN1 M139I mutation. In summary, the PSEN1 M139I mutation identified in EOAD may influence amyloid-β (Aβ) production and apoptosis by regulating the microRNA-34a-mediated NOTCH-1 signaling pathway.

@article{sun2025-40286338,
  author  = {Sun, Xuechun and Dai, Lijun and Yuan, Xin and Cheng, Lufeng and Wang, Jing and Tian, Ye and Zhou, Lingyan},
  title   = {{Presenilin 1 M139I mutation regulates the microRNA-34a-mediated neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 signaling pathway in an early-onset Alzheimer disease cell model}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuropathology \& Experimental Neurology},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.1093/jnen/nlaf044},
  pmid    = {40286338},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlaf044}
}

Key findings

• A recent study found that the PSEN1 M139I mutation is associated with EOAD.
• Our findings reveal that the PSEN1 M139I mutation leads to increased levels of Aβ42/40, Hairy and Enhancer of Split-1 (Hes1), neurogenic locus notch homolog intracellular domain, and microRNA-34a, accompanied by a decrease in the level of neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (NOTCH-1).
• Computational predictions indicate that NOTCH-1 is a direct target of microRNA-34a.

Why it matters

In an early-onset Alzheimer's cell model, the PSEN1 M139I mutation raised Aβ42/40 and microRNA-34a while lowering NOTCH-1, and blocking microRNA-34a reversed these effects. This is in-vitro work only, so it identifies a possible mechanism but no treatment for patients.

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Study details

• Evidence strengthLow

Read the original

• DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaf044
• PubMed: 40286338
• Original source →

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