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PM2.5 exposure in association with AD-related neuropathology and cognitive outcomes
Thiankhaw K, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC.. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 2021-10-08
Topic: Air pollution and environmental exposures
Particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm or PM2.5 is recognized worldwide as a cause of public health problems, mainly associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. There is accumulating evidence to show that exposure to PM2.5 has a crucial causative role in various neurological disorders, the main ones being dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). PM2.5 can activate glial and microglial activity, resulting in neuroinflammation, increased intracellular ROS production, and ultimately neuronal apoptosis. PM2.5 also causes the alteration of neuronal morphology and synaptic changes and increases AD biomarkers, including amyloid-beta and hyperphosphorylated-tau, as well as raising the levels of enzymes involved in the amyloidogenic pathway. Clinical trials have highlighted the correlation between exposure to PM2.5, dementia, and AD diagnosis. This correlation is also displayed by concordant evidence from animal models, as indicated by increased AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and markers of vascular injury. Blood-brain barrier disruption is another aggravated phenomenon demonstrated in people at risk who are exposed to PM2.5. This review summarizes and discusses studies from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on causative relationships of PM2.5 exposure to AD-related neuropathology. Conflicting data are also examined in order to determine the actual association between ambient air pollution and neurodegenerative diseases.
Key findings
- Particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm or PM2.5 is recognized worldwide as a cause of public health problems, mainly associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
- Blood-brain barrier disruption is another aggravated phenomenon demonstrated in people at risk who are exposed to PM2.5.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 40/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 23 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 40 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2022 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 34634399) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 23 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 23 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 40 out of 100. |
| Total | 40 / 100 | — |
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APA 7th
Thiankhaw, K., Chattipakorn, N., & Chattipakorn, S. C. (2022). PM2.5 exposure in association with AD-related neuropathology and cognitive outcomes. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118320
Vancouver
Thiankhaw K, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. PM2.5 exposure in association with AD-related neuropathology and cognitive outcomes. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987). 2022. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118320. PMID: 34634399.
BibTeX
@article{thiankhaw2022-34634399,
author = {Thiankhaw, K. and Chattipakorn, N. and Chattipakorn, S. C.},
title = {{PM2.5 exposure in association with AD-related neuropathology and cognitive outcomes}},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118320},
pmid = {34634399},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118320}
}
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