Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases; a mechanistic insight

Topic: Gut, metabolism and diet

Mitochondria is one of the main source of oxidative stress (ROS), as it utilizes the oxygen for the energy production. ROS and RNS are normally generated by tightly regulated enzymes. Excessive stimulation of NAD(P)H and electron transport chain leads to the overproduction of ROS, results in oxidative stress, which is a good mediator to injure the cell structures, lipids, proteins, and DNA. Various oxidative events implicated in many diseases due to oxidative stress include alteration in mitochondrial proteins, mitochondrial lipids and mitochondrial DNA, Which in turn leads to the damage to nerve cell as they are metabolically very active. ROS/RNS at moderate concentrations also play roles in normal physiology of many processes like signaling pathways, induction of mitogenic response and in defense against infectious pathogens. Oxidative stress has been considered to be the main cause in the etiology of many diseases, which includes Parkinson's and Alzheimer diseases. Several PD associated genes have been found to be involved in mitochondrial function, dynamics and morphology as well. This review includes source of free radical generation, chemistry and biochemistry of ROS/RNS and mitochondrial dysfunction and the mechanism involved in neurodegenerative diseases.

Key findings

• Excessive stimulation of NAD(P)H and electron transport chain leads to the overproduction of ROS, results in oxidative stress, which is a good mediator to injure the cell structures, lipids, proteins, and DNA.

Study details

• Evidence strengthLow

Read the original

• DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.07.025
• PubMed: 26349970
• Original source →

Free copy unknown: no free-copy check has an answer for this record yet. That does not mean it is paywalled.

@article{bhat2015-26349970,
  author  = {Bhat, A. H. and Dar, K. B. and Anees, S. and Zargar, M. A. and Masood, A. and Sofi, M. A. and Ganie, S. A.},
  title   = {{Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases; a mechanistic insight}},
  journal = {Biomedicine \& pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine \& pharmacotherapie},
  year    = {2015},
  doi     = {10.1016/j.biopha.2015.07.025},
  pmid    = {26349970},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2015.07.025}
}

Related studies in Disease mechanisms

• Oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and neurodegenerative diseases Neural regeneration research · 2013-07-01 · usefulness score 40/100
• NOX4 promotes ferroptosis of astrocytes by oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation via the impairment of mitochondrial metabolism in Alzheimer's diseases Redox biology · 2021-03-19 · usefulness score 43/100
• β-Amyloid Peptides Induce Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Astrocytes and Death of Neurons through Activation of NADPH Oxidase Journal of Neuroscience · 2004-01-14 · usefulness score 40/100
• Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2013-11-01 · usefulness score 36/100
• Impairment of Glucose and Glutamate Transport and Induction of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Dysfunction in Synaptosomes by Amyloid β‐Peptide: Role of the Lipid Peroxidation Product 4‐Hydroxynonenal Journal of Neurochemistry · 1997-07-01 · usefulness score 36/100
• Oxidative Stress: A Key Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019-04-22 · usefulness score 41/100

Similar studies

• Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction-linked neurodegenerative disorders 2017 · Risk factors
• Oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases 1996 · Disease mechanisms
• Mitochondria, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration 2012 · Disease mechanisms
• Neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress 2004 · Inflammation and the immune system
• The Role of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases 2015 · Disease mechanisms
• Mitochondria take center stage in aging and neurodegeneration 2005 · Disease mechanisms

More on Disease mechanisms

• A review that covers this ground Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2017-07-12 · usefulness score 41/100
• Newest in this subject Aβ42 oligomers disrupt calcium homeostasis via Piezo1 and induce neurotoxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells Research Square · 2026-10-29 · Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed · usefulness score 16/100
• Newest in this subject Neuronal Hyperactivity Induces Tau Phosphorylation Selectively in Excitatory Pyramidal Neurons Which Contributes to GluA2 Regulation bioRxiv · 2026-10-28 · Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed · usefulness score 16/100

See all studies in Disease mechanisms →