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Odor identification deficit predicts clinical conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia due to Alzheimer's disease
Conti MZ, Vicini-Chilovi B, Riva M, Zanetti M, Liberini P, Padovani A, Rozzini L.. Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 2013-05-12
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between olfactory and cognitive functions in subjects affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to investigate whether olfactory deficits might reflect the likelihood of conversion from MCI to dementia. In this longitudinal study conducted on a sample of MCI outpatients, CA-SIT Smell Identification Test was administered to 88 MCI subjects and 46 healthy control subjects. MCI subjects have been divided into two groups, considering smell identification performances: 40% had normal performances (MCI olfactory-normal), whereas 60% had a moderate olfaction deficit (MCI olfactory-impaired). At 2-year follow-up, the 47% of MCI olfactory-impaired subjects and the 11% of MCI olfactory-normal subjects progressed to dementia. In a logistic regression model, a lower score in MMSE (95%, OR 1.9; IC 1.23-3.01; p = .004) and a pathological smell identification at baseline (95%, OR 5.1; IC 1.16-22.6; p = .03) were independently associated with the progression to dementia within 2 years. This study confirms that smell identification testing may be useful in high-risk settings to identify patients at risk for developing dementia.
Key findings
- In a logistic regression model, a lower score in MMSE (95%, OR 1.9; IC 1.23-3.01; p = .004) and a pathological smell identification at baseline (95%, OR 5.1; IC 1.16-22.6; p = .03) were independently associated with the progression to dementia within 2 years.
Why it matters
This longitudinal study gave a smell identification test to 88 people with mild cognitive impairment and 46 healthy controls. It found that a pathological smell identification score at baseline was independently associated with progression to dementia within two years, suggesting smell testing may help identify high-risk patients.
Study details
- Study designlongitudinal study
- Effect sizeOR 1.9; OR 5.1
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 53/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for sample size, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: journal h-index 151 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A longitudinal study following the same people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2013 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 3 / 3 | Effect reported with a statistic (interval, p-value, ratio or similar) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 5 / 7 | Cited 151 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 10.1 citations a year over 15 year(s) since 2013 |
| Impact for its field and year | 4 / 6 | Cited 9.2× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 2 / 6 | Cited by 4 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 2 / 4 | Cited 33 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Luca Rozzini: h-index 37 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | University of Brescia: institution h-index 552 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 23669447) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 53 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 7 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Conti, M. Z., Vicini-Chilovi, B., Riva, M., Zanetti, M., Liberini, P., Padovani, A., et al. (2013). Odor identification deficit predicts clinical conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/act032
Vancouver
Conti MZ, Vicini-Chilovi B, Riva M, Zanetti M, Liberini P, Padovani A, et al. Odor identification deficit predicts clinical conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists. 2013. doi:10.1093/arclin/act032. PMID: 23669447.
BibTeX
@article{conti2013-23669447,
author = {Conti, M. Z. and Vicini-Chilovi, B. and Riva, M. and Zanetti, M. and Liberini, P. and Padovani, A. and Rozzini, L.},
title = {{Odor identification deficit predicts clinical conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia due to Alzheimer's disease}},
journal = {Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/act032},
pmid = {23669447},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/act032}
}
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