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Neurovascular dysfunction and vascular amyloid accumulation as early events in Alzheimer's disease
Ricardo Apátiga-Pérez, Luis O Soto-Rojas, B Berenice Campa-Córdoba, Nabil Itzi Luna-Viramontes, Elvis Cuevas, Ignacio Villanueva-Fierro, Miguel Angel Ontiveros-Torres, Marely Bravo-Muñoz et al.. Metabolic brain disease, 2021-08-18
Topic: Plasma and spinal-fluid biomarkers
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is clinically characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive functions and short-term memory. AD patients present two distinctive neuropathological lesions: neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), constituted of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and phosphorylated and truncated tau proteins. Aβ deposits around cerebral blood vessels (cerebral amyloid angiopathy, CAA) is a major contributor to vascular dysfunction in AD. Vascular amyloid deposits could be early events in AD due to dysfunction in the neurovascular unit (NVU) and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), deterioration of the gliovascular unit, and/or decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF). These pathological events can lead to decreased Aβ clearance, facilitate a neuroinflammatory environment as well as synaptic dysfunction and, finally, lead to neurodegeneration. Here, we review the histopathological AD hallmarks and discuss the two-hit vascular hypothesis of AD, emphasizing the role of neurovascular dysfunction as an early factor that favors vascular Aβ aggregation and neurodegeneration. Addtionally, we emphasize that pericyte degeneration is a key and early element in AD that can trigger amyloid vascular accumulation and NVU/BBB dysfunction. Further research is required to better understand the early pathophysiological mechanisms associated with NVU alteration and CAA to generate early biomarkers and timely treatments for AD.
Key findings
- Further research is required to better understand the early pathophysiological mechanisms associated with NVU alteration and CAA to generate early biomarkers and timely treatments for AD.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 41/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multi-centre collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 23 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 41 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Metabolic brain disease) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2022 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 34406560) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 23 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 23 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 41 out of 100. |
| Total | 41 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Apátiga-Pérez, R., Soto-Rojas, L. O., Campa-Córdoba, B. B., Luna-Viramontes, N. I., Cuevas, E., Villanueva-Fierro, I., et al. (2022). Neurovascular dysfunction and vascular amyloid accumulation as early events in Alzheimer's disease. Metabolic brain disease. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00814-4
Vancouver
Apátiga-Pérez R, Soto-Rojas LO, Campa-Córdoba BB, Luna-Viramontes NI, Cuevas E, Villanueva-Fierro I, et al. Neurovascular dysfunction and vascular amyloid accumulation as early events in Alzheimer's disease. Metabolic brain disease. 2022. doi:10.1007/s11011-021-00814-4. PMID: 34406560.
BibTeX
@article{apatigaperez2022-34406560,
author = {Apátiga-Pérez, Ricardo and Soto-Rojas, Luis O and Campa-Córdoba, B Berenice and Luna-Viramontes, Nabil Itzi and Cuevas, Elvis and Villanueva-Fierro, Ignacio and Ontiveros-Torres, Miguel Angel and Bravo-Muñoz, Marely and others},
title = {{Neurovascular dysfunction and vascular amyloid accumulation as early events in Alzheimer's disease}},
journal = {Metabolic brain disease},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.1007/s11011-021-00814-4},
pmid = {34406560},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00814-4}
}
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