Home › Research › Brain tissue and pathology
Invited Article: Nervous system pathology in sporadic Parkinson disease
Heiko Braak, Kelly Del Tredici. Neurology, 2008-05-12
Topic: Gut, metabolism and diet
Sporadic Parkinson disease (PD) is, after Alzheimer disease (AD), the second most frequent neurodegenerative disorder.1 The pathologic process in PD is progressive and takes years to reach its full extent. It does not affect nonhuman vertebrates or organ systems other than the nervous system, and, apparently, it does not go into remission. Unlike AD, however, the pathology is distributed throughout the entire nervous system—that is, not only the central but also the peripheral and the enteric nervous systems (CNS, PNS, ENS). As a result, PD has come to be acknowledged as more than a monosystemic disorder with preferential obliteration of nigral dopaminergic neurons.2–8,e1-e3 In the clinically recognizable, i.e., motor, phase of sporadic PD, most patients display signs of motor dysfunction (hypo- or bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, postural instability, resting tremor),9,e4,e5 but these symptoms also occur in other disorders associated with dopamine loss in the nigrostriatal system.e6,e7 Familial forms of parkinsonism exist,3,e8,e9 and the syndrome may also develop as a sequel to intoxication, trauma, vascular alterations, metabolic disease, or infection.e3,e10-e14 In addition, parkinsonism can develop in tauopathies, including corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy,e15-e17 or in synucleinopathies, such as multiple system atrophy and Lewy body disease.10,11,e18-e20 Lewy body disease has been subdivided further into pure autonomic failure, dementia with Lewy bodies, and sporadic PD.11,12 The latter two entities are nearly indistinguishable at neuropathologic examination, and there is a growing consensus that, clinically, they are closely related, if not identical.13–17 Here, we refer only to the Lewy body pathology associated with the synucleinopathy sporadic (or idiopathic) PD, the most widespread form of parkinsonism.1,8,e25 In PD, typical α-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions (Lewy neurites [LNs], Lewy bodies [LBs]) develop within specific types of projection neurons in all portions of the …
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 40/100
Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 23 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 40 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2008 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 18474848) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 23 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 23 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 40 out of 100. |
| Total | 40 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Free copy unknown: no free-copy check has an answer for this record yet. That does not mean it is paywalled.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Braak, H., & Del Tredici, K. (2008). Invited Article: Nervous system pathology in sporadic Parkinson disease. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000312279.49272.9f
Vancouver
Braak H, Del Tredici K. Invited Article: Nervous system pathology in sporadic Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2008. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000312279.49272.9f. PMID: 18474848.
BibTeX
@article{braak2008-18474848,
author = {Braak, Heiko and Del Tredici, Kelly},
title = {{Invited Article: Nervous system pathology in sporadic Parkinson disease}},
journal = {Neurology},
year = {2008},
doi = {10.1212/01.wnl.0000312279.49272.9f},
pmid = {18474848},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000312279.49272.9f}
}
Related studies in Brain tissue and pathology
Also in Brain tissue and pathology
124 studies in the library are filed under Brain tissue and pathology with no topic tag they share with another; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed tour of them. The Brain tissue and pathology hub.