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Exenatide reduces TNF-α expression and improves hippocampal neuron numbers and memory in streptozotocin treated rats
Solmaz V, Çınar BP, Yiğittürk G, Çavuşoğlu T, Taşkıran D, Erbaş O.. European journal of pharmacology, 2015-09-16
Topic: Gut, metabolism and diet
Recent studies suggest a possible link between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glucogan-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) facilitates insulin release from pancreas under hyperglycemic conditions. In addition to its metabolic effects, GLP-1 and its long-lasting analogs, including exenatide can stimulate neurogenesis and improve cognition in rodent AD model. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of exenatide on hippocampal cellularity, cognitive performance and inflammation response in a rat model of AD. Fourteen rats were used to create AD model using intracerebroventricular (ICV) streptozotocin (STZ) infusion while 7 rats were administered 0.9% NaCl only (sham-operated group). Following stereotaxic surgery, STZ received rats were randomly distributed into two groups, and treated with either saline or exenatide 20 µgr/kg/day through intraperitoneally for two weeks. Then, cognitive performance (passive avoidance learning), brain tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and hippocampal neuronal count were determined. While the brain TNF-α levels were significantly high in the saline-treated STZ group, exenatide treatment suppressed the increase in TNF-α levels. Saline-treated STZ group showed reduced ChAT activity compared to sham group. However, exenatide significantly preserved brain ChAT activity. The cognitive performance was also impaired in saline group while exenatide improved memory in rats. Moreover, exenatide treatment significantly prevented the decrease in hippocampal neurons. Overall, the results of the present study clearly indicated exenatide might have beneficial effects on impaired cognitive performance and hippocampal neuronal viability in AD by suppressing the inflammation response and increasing cholinergic activity.
Key findings
- While the brain TNF-α levels were significantly high in the saline-treated STZ group, exenatide treatment suppressed the increase in TNF-α levels.
- Saline-treated STZ group showed reduced ChAT activity compared to sham group.
- However, exenatide significantly preserved brain ChAT activity.
- Moreover, exenatide treatment significantly prevented the decrease in hippocampal neurons.
- Overall, the results of the present study clearly indicated exenatide might have beneficial effects on impaired cognitive performance and hippocampal neuronal viability in AD by suppressing the inflammation response and increasing cholinergic activity.
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Study details
- Effect size0.9%
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 40/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 23 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 40 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (European journal of pharmacology) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2015 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Laboratory or animal study (title names “rats”) — scores zero |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 26386291) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 23 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 23 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 40 out of 100. |
| Total | 40 / 100 | — |
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APA 7th
Solmaz, V., Çınar, B. P., Yiğittürk, G., Çavuşoğlu, T., Taşkıran, D., & Erbaş, O. (2015). Exenatide reduces TNF-α expression and improves hippocampal neuron numbers and memory in streptozotocin treated rats. European journal of pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.024
Vancouver
Solmaz V, Çınar BP, Yiğittürk G, Çavuşoğlu T, Taşkıran D, Erbaş O. Exenatide reduces TNF-α expression and improves hippocampal neuron numbers and memory in streptozotocin treated rats. European journal of pharmacology. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.024. PMID: 26386291.
BibTeX
@article{solmaz2015-26386291,
author = {Solmaz, V. and Çınar, B. P. and Yiğittürk, G. and Çavuşoğlu, T. and Taşkıran, D. and Erbaş, O.},
title = {{Exenatide reduces TNF-α expression and improves hippocampal neuron numbers and memory in streptozotocin treated rats}},
journal = {European journal of pharmacology},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.024},
pmid = {26386291},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.024}
}