Effect of moderate exercise training… | 2008

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34/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 34 out of 100. Prevention and risk

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

CD28 molecule expression on the surface of T cells plays a critical role in upregulation of various cytokines synthesis and T-helper (Th) cell proliferation and differentiation. However aging induces a decrease in CD28 expression and unbalance of Th1/Th2, leading to impairment of Th-cell mediated immune function. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of moderate exercise training on CD28 expression and the balance of Th1/Th2 cells in elderly people. Forty-eight elderly subjects were assigned to an exercise training group (EXC: 13 males, 15 females; aged 61-76) or a non-exercise control group (CON: 7 males, 13 females; aged 62-79). Subjects in EXC participated in exercise sessions 5-days a week for 6 months. Meanwhile, subjects in CON maintained their normal physical activity levels during the study period. Blood samples were collected before and after the training period. Samples were measured for the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes, as well as for CD3+, CD4+, CD28+CD4+, IFN-gamma+CD4+, IL-4+CD4+ cells. The number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and CD3+ cells did not change after 6 months in both EXC and CON. The number of CD4+ and CD28+CD4+ cells significantly increased after the training in EXC (P < 0.05), while CON did not show significant changes. In the EXC group, IFN-gamma+CD4+ cell numbers were significantly higher following the training (P < 0.05), but the number of IL-4+CD4+ cells was not changed. In the CON group, there were no significant alterations in IFN-gamma+CD4+ and IL-4+CD4+ cell numbers. In conclusion, moderate exercise training in the elderly is associated with improvement of expression of CD28 on Th cells and Th1/Th2 balances. Therefore, exercise training could up-regulate Th cell-mediated immune functions and be helpful for a decrease in the risk of infections and autoimmune diseases in elderly people.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Shimizu, K., Kimura, F., Akimoto, T., Akama, T., Tanabe, K., Nishijima, T., et al. (2008). Effect of moderate exercise training on T-helper cell subpopulations in elderly people. Exercise immunology review. https://doi.org/10.22029/eir.2008.1636

Vancouver

Shimizu K, Kimura F, Akimoto T, Akama T, Tanabe K, Nishijima T, et al. Effect of moderate exercise training on T-helper cell subpopulations in elderly people. Exercise immunology review. 2008. doi:10.22029/eir.2008.1636. PMID: 19203082.

BibTeX

@article{shimizu2008-19203082,
  author  = {Shimizu, Kazuhiro and Kimura, Fuminori and Akimoto, Takayuki and Akama, Takao and Tanabe, Kai and Nishijima, Takahiko and Kuno, Shinya and Kono, Ichiro},
  title   = {{Effect of moderate exercise training on T-helper cell subpopulations in elderly people}},
  journal = {Exercise immunology review},
  year    = {2008},
  doi     = {10.22029/eir.2008.1636},
  pmid    = {19203082},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.22029/eir.2008.1636}
}

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 8 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

Key findings

The number of CD4+ and CD28+CD4+ cells significantly increased after the training in EXC (P < 0.05), while CON did not show significant changes.
In the EXC group, IFN-gamma+CD4+ cell numbers were significantly higher following the training (P < 0.05), but the number of IL-4+CD4+ cells was not changed.
In the CON group, there were no significant alterations in IFN-gamma+CD4+ and IL-4+CD4+ cell numbers.
In conclusion, moderate exercise training in the elderly is associated with improvement of expression of CD28 on Th cells and Th1/Th2 balances.

Why it matters

This small study in 48 elderly people found that six months of moderate exercise training increased certain T-helper cell numbers and shifted the immune balance. It measured immune markers only and did not assess memory, dementia, or any Alzheimer's outcome.

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Study details

Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 34/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, so that was left out: it earned 33 of the 96 points we could judge it on, which is 34 out of 100.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Exercise immunology review)
Journal's citation record	— / 4	No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	1 / 5	2008 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	4 / 7	Cited 87 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	2 / 5	4.3 citations a year over 20 year(s) since 2008
Impact for its field and year	0 / 6	Cited 0.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	1 / 4	Cited 3 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	2 / 4	Last-listed author Ichiro Kono: h-index 25 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	0 / 3	University of Tsukuba: institution h-index 685 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	1 / 3	OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 19203082)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Points	33 / 96	Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 33 of the 96 points we could judge it on is 34 out of 100.
Total	34 / 100	—

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