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Cigarette smoking and protection from Parkinson's disease
David Michael Morens, A. Grandinetti, DWAYNE M. REED, Lon R. White, George Webster Ross. Neurology, 1995-06-01
Topic: Air pollution and environmental exposures
We reviewed 46 published reports associating cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease. Although the majority indicated an approximate halving of smoking frequency in persons with Parkinson's disease, many observers have suggested that the effect could be a spurious result. That the association may be real is suggested by at least six observations: (1) the consistency of findings between independent studies of different design, conducted by different investigators, in different nations, over 35 years; (2) the association's predominance and strength in prospective studies; (3) the apparent detection of a dose-response relation; (4) the inability to explain the association by confounding variables; (5) the flaws in certain arguments against the association's validity; and (6) the identification of a similar association, of similar magnitude, between smoking and reduced occurrence of Alzheimer's disease. A protective association of cigarette smoking for Parkinson's disease may constitute an important etiologic clue.
Key findings
- Although the majority indicated an approximate halving of smoking frequency in persons with Parkinson's disease, many observers have suggested that the effect could be a spurious result.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 40/100
Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 23 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 40 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1995 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 7783862) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 23 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 23 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 40 out of 100. |
| Total | 40 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Morens, D. M., Grandinetti, A., DWAYNE M., R. E. E. D., White, L. R., & Ross, G. W. (1995). Cigarette smoking and protection from Parkinson's disease. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.45.6.1041
Vancouver
Morens DM, Grandinetti A, DWAYNE M. REED, White LR, Ross GW. Cigarette smoking and protection from Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 1995. doi:10.1212/wnl.45.6.1041. PMID: 7783862.
BibTeX
@article{morens1995-7783862,
author = {Morens, David Michael and Grandinetti, A. and DWAYNE M., R. E. E. D. and White, Lon R. and Ross, George Webster},
title = {{Cigarette smoking and protection from Parkinson's disease}},
journal = {Neurology},
year = {1995},
doi = {10.1212/wnl.45.6.1041},
pmid = {7783862},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.45.6.1041}
}
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