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Anthropometric Status, Dietary Diversity, and Diet Quality in Relation to Cognitive Performance in Older Turkish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Zengin FH, Tatar T, Dursun İ, Dalkıran R, Ede İleri G, Özkalaycı RE.. Journal of clinical medicine, 2026-08-12
Topic: Brain imaging, connectivity and assessment
53.0% of the participants were in the group of possible mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Participants in the probable MCI group had a higher body mass index (BMI) compared to those with normal cogni-tive performance (32.67 ± 5.78 and 29.54 ± 3.39 kg/m²; p < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of obesity (62.9% and 41.8%; p = 0.027). The final regression model explained 23.6% of the variance in MoCA scores (R² = 0.236; adjusted R² = 0.194; p < 0.001). More years of edu-cation were associated with higher MoCA scores (B = 0.795, β = 0.375, p < 0.001), while higher BMI was associated with lower MoCA scores (B = −0.282, β = −0.225, p = 0.016). Higher BMI was found to be associated with lower cognitive performance in older adults. However, DDS and HEI-2020 scores were not associated with cognitive performance. Longitudinal studies including repeated nutritional assessments are needed to clarify the direction and temporal pattern of these relationships.
Key findings
- 53.0% of the participants were in the group of possible mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
- Participants in the probable MCI group had a higher body mass index (BMI) compared to those with normal cogni-tive performance (32.67 ± 5.78 and 29.54 ± 3.39 kg/m²; p < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of obesity (62.9% and 41.8%; p = 0.027).
- The final regression model explained 23.6% of the variance in MoCA scores (R² = 0.236; adjusted R² = 0.194; p < 0.001).
- More years of edu-cation were associated with higher MoCA scores (B = 0.795, β = 0.375, p < 0.001), while higher BMI was associated with lower MoCA scores (B = −0.282, β = −0.225, p = 0.016).
- Higher BMI was found to be associated with lower cognitive performance in older adults.
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Study details
- Study designcross-sectional
- Participants117
- Effect size53.0%; 62.9%; 41.8%
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 64/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a snapshot of people at one point in time. Scored zero for randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 37 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 64 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of clinical medicine) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 4 / 12 | A snapshot of people at one point in time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 5 / 5 | 2026 — within 1 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 117 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 1 / 2 | Not in PubMed, but has a DOI |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 37 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 37 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 64 out of 100. |
| Total | 64 / 100 | — |
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APA 7th
Zengin, F. H., Tatar, T., İ, D., Dalkıran, R., Ede İleri, G., & Özkalaycı, R. E. (2026). Anthropometric Status, Dietary Diversity, and Diet Quality in Relation to Cognitive Performance in Older Turkish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of clinical medicine. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.0798.v1
Vancouver
Zengin FH, Tatar T, İ D, Dalkıran R, Ede İleri G, Özkalaycı RE. Anthropometric Status, Dietary Diversity, and Diet Quality in Relation to Cognitive Performance in Older Turkish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of clinical medicine. 2026. doi:10.20944/preprints202608.0798.v1.
BibTeX
@article{zengin2026-718eb3f3,
author = {Zengin, F. H. and Tatar, T. and İ, Dursun and Dalkıran, R. and Ede İleri, G. and Özkalaycı, R. E.},
title = {{Anthropometric Status, Dietary Diversity, and Diet Quality in Relation to Cognitive Performance in Older Turkish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study}},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.20944/preprints202608.0798.v1},
url = {https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.0798.v1}
}
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