Home › Research › Vascular contributions
A review of chemical issues in 1H NMR spectroscopy: N-acetyl-L-aspartate, creatine and choline
Miller BL.. NMR in biomedicine, 1991-04-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
The structure and function of the chemicals contributing to the three main peaks seen with 1H NMR spectroscopy, N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA), creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr), and choline-containing compounds (Cho) is reviewed and the changes seen with these compounds in various disease states are briefly outlined. NAA is present within neurons although its biological function is largely unknown. NAA is elevated in several degenerative neurological conditions including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and canavan disease, and in high concentrations it may behave like a neurotoxin. The creatine peak seen with 1H NMR spectroscopy consists of creatine and phosphocreatine which serve as a reserve for high-energy phosphates in the cytosol of muscle and neurons. They also buffer cellular ATP/ADP. The Cho peak seen with 1H NMR consists of a complex mixture of Cho-containing compounds. Cho is a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and for the membrane constituent phosphatidylcholine. Future studies of changes seen in the Cho peak with stroke, degenerative dementia, drug intake, and infectious and neoplastic brain masses will be of great interest.
Key findings
- NAA is elevated in several degenerative neurological conditions including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and canavan disease, and in high concentrations it may behave like a neurotoxin.
- The creatine peak seen with 1H NMR spectroscopy consists of creatine and phosphocreatine which serve as a reserve for high-energy phosphates in the cytosol of muscle and neurons.
- The Cho peak seen with 1H NMR consists of a complex mixture of Cho-containing compounds.
- Cho is a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and for the membrane constituent phosphatidylcholine.
- Future studies of changes seen in the Cho peak with stroke, degenerative dementia, drug intake, and infectious and neoplastic brain masses will be of great interest.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 36/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 36 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (NMR in biomedicine) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1991 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 1650241) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 21 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 36 out of 100. |
| Total | 36 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Free copy unknown: no free-copy check has an answer for this record yet. That does not mean it is paywalled.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Miller, B. L. (1991). A review of chemical issues in 1H NMR spectroscopy: N-acetyl-L-aspartate, creatine and choline. NMR in biomedicine. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1940040203
Vancouver
Miller BL. A review of chemical issues in 1H NMR spectroscopy: N-acetyl-L-aspartate, creatine and choline. NMR in biomedicine. 1991. doi:10.1002/nbm.1940040203. PMID: 1650241.
BibTeX
@article{miller1991-1650241,
author = {Miller, B. L.},
title = {{A review of chemical issues in 1H NMR spectroscopy: N-acetyl-L-aspartate, creatine and choline}},
journal = {NMR in biomedicine},
year = {1991},
doi = {10.1002/nbm.1940040203},
pmid = {1650241},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1940040203}
}
Related studies in Vascular contributions
Also in Vascular contributions
53 studies in the library are filed under Vascular contributions with no topic tag they share with another; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed tour of them. The Vascular contributions hub.